Author Topic: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?  (Read 405 times)

Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #20 on: June 11, 2010, 12:10:32 PM »
Yes I read that, a link would be appreciated though as it is on the thumb drive housing a massive majority of my journal article hoard, I would like another copy of the paper if anybody could oblige.

Nasty stuff, but for 100% increase in yield, damn, I'm game, strain dependent, that could equal another gram and a half of crude alkaloid per liter, which is going to equate to quite a lot of lysergic acid, and a great fucking big migraine for the local law enforcement donut gobblers.
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marakov

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #21 on: June 11, 2010, 03:12:56 PM »
I used a much more dilute solution then 3% -- probably 10ml of the 3% H2O2 per liter - which to me does not sound at all significant, but that is what all of the sources on the internet said to use for the agar mix -- and so I used that to also soak the ergot fungi for culturing.

I was mean to dip exterior of sample in to sterilise before removing of the liquid from exterior by drying with a sterile gauze, and then cut into the centre of to take sterile sample for cloning purpose.

Naf1

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #22 on: June 11, 2010, 10:23:33 PM »
If it is C.Purpurea, the weak H2O2 solution will be fine.

Bio 101 (failing to mention 'superoxide radical');

Hydrogen Peroxide

Plants release hydrogen peroxide (note;And superoxide radical, but it or its mechanism are not mentioned here)in response to the presence of a fungal invasion, which attacks by piercing the cell wall of a plant and breaking it down.

This hydrogen peroxide (chemical symbol H202) is a double edged sword in its defence against the antigen.

One Way : Hydrogen peroxide stops the breakdown of the cell wall

Certain pathogens will use pectinase, a digestive enzyme, to break down the cell wall barrier and invade the plant. The pectinase released by the fungus must be stopped. H202 is involved in halting the action of this pectinase in the following example;

The H202 is created and moves to the cell wall - the site of the invasion.
It reacts in contact with and enzyme called peroxidase, which promotes the breakdown of pectinase.
The foreign chemical is rendered useless.
Threat of the cell wall being compromised is removed.

Another Way : Some of the H202 triggers the creation of phytoalexins

Phytoalexins are similar to the antiviral proteins previously mentioned as a secondary line of defence. Phytoalexins are a family of hormones that inhibit protein synthesis and thus "shut up shop" in the event of a pathogenic attack by halting the protein production process in our cells.

Chemicals released by the fungus that are being used by it in its attack trigger a chemical response in the plasma membrane that makes the plant aware of the pathogens presence.
Hydrogen peroxide from the plasma membrane triggers a chemical response to inform the nucleus of the infected cells of the current situation.
mRNA from the nucleus is transported to ribosomes, as described in the protein synthesis section, where phytoalexins are to be produced (essentially protein synthesis coding for phytoalexins).
The phytoalexins then take on a role similar to that of antiviral proteins, where the presence of a phytoalexin in a cell inhibits protein synthesis and therefore preventing growth of the foreign agent by removing all possible avenues of invasion for the pathogen, thus eliminating the threat.

http://www.biology-online.org/1/12_cell_defense_3.htm

As such effective plant pathogens such as C. Purpurea have a natural ability to decompose peroxides.

Ergot, the genus Claviceps;

"Since infection-induced H2O2 production has been shown to occur outside host cells (Mehdy, 1994), we suggest a multiple function of fungal catalase in pathogenesis due to its hydrogen peroxide decomposing activity: (a) Cytotoxic effects to fungal cells are prevented. (b) Mechanical barrier formation during host defense reaction,
i.e., H202-mediated cross-linkage of cell wall components during oxidative burst or lignification, are suppressed. (c) In particular, in grass cell walls, a phenolic cross-linkage of polysaccharides is supposed to occur while cell walls expand during their ontogeny causing high cell wall rigidity (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993). By suppression of those reactions, ergot fungi might maintain a convenient habitat for colonization. In the rachilla, infection induced cross-linkage of phenolics (see above) forestalls fungal colonization and, therefore, might efficiently control fungal growth."

Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #23 on: June 12, 2010, 12:12:06 AM »
Awesome, so it sounds like what I've done should work out well -- though, maybe not since I am very new to culturing, agar, and all other things related -- we'll see. I am just getting my incubator up to heat as room temperature where it is located is around 64*F, which is 17.7*C -- so it ought to be upped a little bit to probably 20-25 range.

Edit: Oh no.. I may have spoken to soon.. I doubt it still, but there is a chance that what i have found is not ergot, which is a dark colored fungi that grows on the heads of grasses, but perhaps Ustilago sp. which is a dark colored fungi that grows on the heads of grasses -- However, I am still pretty sure it is ergot, since the grass source seems to be Poa Anna, which is a host of C. Purpurea, and I cannot find any reference saying that Ustilago can infect Poa Anna, or related.
« Last Edit: June 12, 2010, 02:26:28 AM by Vesp »
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shroomedalice

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #24 on: June 12, 2010, 04:22:40 AM »
this is what ive found too vesp actually getting your hands on a good fungi is very very hard.

still im always looking.

Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #25 on: June 12, 2010, 04:59:57 AM »
Yes, luckily this year is much more rainy then any I can remember -- so there is more hope this year of finding a variety of different ergot, then I think there has been in the past.

But the more I think about it, the more it looks like a Ustilago species aka smut. seems pretty similiar.
http://www.hgca.com/images/upload/Covered_smut_2008103138875.jpg
« Last Edit: June 12, 2010, 07:51:50 AM by Vesp »
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Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #26 on: June 12, 2010, 05:46:15 PM »
Mine are a bit old, ut hopefully still viable, they wouldn't be if they had been in the dirt naturally at the moderate temperatures they have, but since they have been kept buried in plastic bags in a sealed box underground and another batch in a fridge, hopefully that shouldn't apply.

Either way, I'l be going hunting again soon as its almost the season for sclerotia germination.
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Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #27 on: June 13, 2010, 12:18:30 AM »
Yeah, I'll need to look more too -- isn't it around any time of the year one of its host species is seeding?

Oh also... Anyone ever look into corn smut?
It is of the Ustilago species (so thus it grows similarly to ergot) and it appears to also have some similiar alkaloids in it as ergot. <-- sounds like it might have shared some sort of genetics at some point?


Quote
Native Americans of the American Southwest, including the Zuni tribe, have used corn smut to induce labor. It has similar medicinal effects to ergot, but weaker, due to the presence of the chemical ustilagine.

http://www.australianethnobotany.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=1892&start=0

I cannot find any of the alkaloid structures that it claims to have... seems like a very unstudied item -- but various Ustilago species might have a lot of interesting alkaloids in store?

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Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #28 on: June 13, 2010, 08:12:17 PM »
At least one species, quite unusually for a rust/smut fungus is eaten, Ustilago maydis is apparently sold in cans.

And yes, its JUST coming into season, so its time we got our arses out into farmers fields, canal banks, hell, last year a few sclerotia turned up in my back garden growing on Lolium species.
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jon

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #29 on: June 22, 2010, 03:21:11 AM »
this is the thing how to select the right strain?
do you culture each one and do qauntitative anal. on each extract?
also what of using u.v.to mutate strains? are the results always favorable?
also this is interesting there is also a corn fungus in northamerica that grows on maize this could get pretty interesting well if i could walk in that case i'll have to clone a mini-me to do my bidding.
i'll dub him dr. evil.
« Last Edit: June 22, 2010, 03:24:31 AM by jon »

Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #30 on: June 22, 2010, 04:03:23 AM »
Quote
this is the thing how to select the right strain?
do you culture each one and do qauntitative anal. on each extract?

I don't believe extracts are needed, at least not at first.
One uses a solution that changes colors, such as blue -- the more blue it is, the more alkaloid there is present... thus it determines the best strain under those conditions, sort of a pseudo-quantitative method.

To mutate the strains for a better one -- you just add some mutanogentic chemical, and culture and test the tons of samples that are produced testing with the indicating solution. Isn't there a link or PDF of this on the thread? I thought I uploaded it, but perhaps that was somewhere else...
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jon

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #31 on: June 22, 2010, 05:28:58 PM »
erlich's reagent? under u.v. light i think it is p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde am i correct?
what would be the mutatogen?

Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #32 on: June 22, 2010, 07:00:49 PM »
Ethyl methanesulfonate has been used, as has N-nitro-N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Any other suggestions?


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I'm hyperbolic, hypergolic, viral, chiral. So motherfucking twisted my laevo is on the right side.

Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #33 on: June 22, 2010, 08:17:29 PM »
I don't know what will be gained from this but it suggests that there are a lot of different items out there - ones as common as caffeine and aspirin, that can induce mutations.

https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/viewthread.php?tid=6667#pid76594
of course, this is mostly focused on yeast.


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Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #34 on: June 26, 2010, 03:12:33 PM »
Personally I am not sure I would put my trust in things that just might make cultures a little more prone to mutation, that is to say, I am not convinced of the possible results, unless shown, and if it is something I am prepared to drink (not counting the fact that caffeine disagrees with me) then it can't be THAT strong of a mutagen.

Although I haven't yet checked the scimad thread.

I went and had a look along the local canal towpath yesterday, where there were quite a lot of sclerotia last year, and was quite annoyed, it seems those do-gooding fuckpots at the local council decided to spruce it up with a new surface, and obliterate the stands of Lolium and Bromus grasses that grew there.

Which will mean hoping my current batch from last year are still viable, although they should be, and going quite some distance to check another location.


Nomen mihi Legio est, quia multi sumus

I'm hyperbolic, hypergolic, viral, chiral. So motherfucking twisted my laevo is on the right side.

jon

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #35 on: June 26, 2010, 05:14:02 PM »
u.v. light could yeild the same result with mutations it's a crapshoot anyway i would'nt see the difference in method would be of any signifigance.
you guys are starting to convince me that this is a pretty intersting hobby.

Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #36 on: June 26, 2010, 05:16:21 PM »
As far as chemical mutagens go, they do indeed have differing modes of action, some swapping pyrimidine bases around, some intercalating, etc.

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I'm hyperbolic, hypergolic, viral, chiral. So motherfucking twisted my laevo is on the right side.

madprossor

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #37 on: June 27, 2010, 12:14:46 PM »
I once received PF's infamous batch of Amazonians which had been mutated by a blacklight.  The damn things colonized normally then refused to fruit.  I don't know how the pros created their super submerged ergot strains, but probably it was not done using UV?  Edit- i just read about the "alkaloid-blocked" strain idea.  seems to make sense, it should be easier to switch a gene off by mutating it, than to try to produce a new adaption.

i do know that flashing ergot fungus with a blacklight is a good rough test of whether the strain you're growing is worth a damn.

a friend of a friend used to grow ergot on organic rye stalks (no need to add fungus it was already present in the stalks) in plastic bags inside of a fridge.  a hole was cut in the front of the fridge and sealed with plexiglass as a view-port.  when the fungus glowed maximally under blacklight a SCBA suit was donned and the fridge opened.  apparently the alkaloids were separated by "taking an old sock knotted through a jar lid and containing fungus. dipping it into alcohol, then screwing a jar to the lid and swinging the thing in a circle as a hand-powered centrifuge."  i believe the alcohol was then stripped under high vacuum using a dry ice trap to protect the pump, and crystallized with cooling as freebases.  i do not recall the brother mentioning tartaric acid, although one would think it would be quite helpful here...

he mentioned "breaking the tips off the crystals" as a way to obtain the most pure ET.  (the dude had no column and did not perform couplings.)  he complained that with the disappearance of the "white russian rye" shit was no longer the same.  i think that strain of rye had a strain of fungus with the most desired alkaloid profile.

can any old schoolers confirm having eaten "white russian" lsd before?  not just signifying that it is white lsd from russia, but specifically lsd derived from the white russian strain of rye...
« Last Edit: June 27, 2010, 12:54:03 PM by madprossor »

Tsathoggua

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #38 on: June 27, 2010, 03:41:41 PM »
That sounds like said FOAF was full of shit, TBH, ergot feeds off the sugary juices flowing throughout the growing tissues of the plant, I doubt it would parasitize DEAD rye, infection starts at the immature flowering stage, then progresses as it matures.

Seems far too....ghetto for it to work.

And C.purpurea sclerotia need a cold spell to germinate, but actual temperature for GROWING is optimum at 20C.
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I'm hyperbolic, hypergolic, viral, chiral. So motherfucking twisted my laevo is on the right side.

Vesp

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Re: Ergot Culture Medium for Isolation?
« Reply #39 on: June 27, 2010, 08:46:04 PM »
Quote
a friend of a friend used to grow ergot on organic rye stalks (no need to add fungus it was already present in the stalks) in plastic bags inside of a fridge.  a hole was cut in the front of the fridge and sealed with plexiglass as a view-port.  when the fungus glowed maximally under blacklight a SCBA suit was donned and the fridge opened.  apparently the alkaloids were separated by "taking an old sock knotted through a jar lid and containing fungus. dipping it into alcohol, then screwing a jar to the lid and swinging the thing in a circle as a hand-powered centrifuge."  i believe the alcohol was then stripped under high vacuum using a dry ice trap to protect the pump, and crystallized with cooling as freebases.  i do not recall the brother mentioning tartaric acid, although one would think it would be quite helpful here...

I am pretty sure ALL of that is bogus, and the highlighted part really says why -- there wasn't any sterilization. But even if you'd had added ergot to a sterile sample of rye, I doubt it would grow very well, if at all - and only the myc at that point of course. 


I don't think this has been uploaded yet on to the forum, so here it is.. it is this book:
hxxp://www.chipsbooks.com/ergot.htm
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