Requested by no1uno





An Efficient and Practical System for the Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and ?,?-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Grill,Joseph;Ogle,James;Miller,Stephen
J. Org. Chem.
2006, Vol.71(25), pp.9291–9296
DOI: 10.1021/jo0612574




Abstract
Upon exposure to commercial bleach (5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite), nickel(II) chloride or nickel(II) acetate is transformed quantitatively into an insoluble nickel species, nickel oxide hydroxide. This material consists of high surface area nanoparticles (ca. 4 nm) and is a useful heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of many organic compounds. The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, secondary alcohols to ketones, aldehydes to carboxylic acids, and ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids to epoxy acids is demonstrated using 2.5 mol % of nickel catalyst and commercial bleach as the terminal oxidant. We demonstrate the controlled and selective oxidation of several organic substrates using this system affording 70?95% isolated yields and 90?100% purity. In most cases, the oxidations can be performed without an organic solvent, making this approach attractive as a “greener” alternative to conventional oxidations.



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99. The synthesis of myristicin
Trikojus,V;White,D
J. Chem. Soc.
1949, Vol.78(V),  pp.436-439
DOI: 10.1039/JR9490000436


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.....this may be interesting as it deals with the synthesis of the myristicin....java





Synthesis of Myristicin
VICTOR M. TRIKOJUS &  D. E. WHITE
nature
1939, 144, 1016-1016
doi:10.1038/1441016b0


Abstract
ALTHOUGH it is now many years since myristicin was first isolated from the oils of nutmeg and mace, its synthesis has not previously been recorded. Its constitution was established by H. Thoms in 19031 as 3-methoxy-4 : 5-methylenedioxy-l-allylbenzene, a molecule suitably orientated for its use as the starting point in the successful syntheses of cotarnine by Salway2 and by Becker and Decker3.

Requested by no1uno



The Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylene-dioxyphenethylamine
Surrey,Alexander
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1948, Vol.70(9), pp.2887–2890
DOI: 10.1021/ja01189a016




Abstract
The synthesis of N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylene-dioxyphenethylamine (I) was undertaken in order to determine whether it was identical to a-fagarine, the antifibrillatory agent isolated from the plant Fagara Coco. In 1945, Deulofeu and corworkers proposed a structure for a-fagarine in which the positions of the methoxy and methylenedioxy groups in ring A of I were not fixed. Inasmuch as the proposed structure can be considered an opened 2-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, it seemed reasonable to suspect that the groups in Ring A would occupy the positions shown in I.


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A Synthesis of N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Hamlin,K;Weston,Arthur
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1949, Vol.71(6), pp.2210–2212
DOI: 10.1021/ja01174a079




Abstract
The synthesis of N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-N-methyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylene-dioxyphenethylamine (I) was undertaken to determine its identity with a-fagarine, an alkaloid from the plant Fagara Coco. A comparison of physical data has shown I to be different from a-fagarine, thus confirming the results recently reported by Surrey, and by Redemann, Wisegarver and Icke.



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Antifibrillatory Agents. The Preparation of Some N-Benzyl-N-methylphenethylamines
Surrey,A;Mooradian,A;Cutler,R;Suter,Buck,J
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1949, Vol.71(7), pp.2421–2422
DOI: 10.1021/ja01175a050




Abstract
A series of compounds having the structure I has been synthesized and found to have antifibrillatory action in varying degree.



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CXXXV.—The synthesis of substances allied to cotarnine
Salway,Arthur
J. Chem. Soc., Trans.
1909, Vol.95,  pp.1204-1220
DOI: 10.1039/CT9099501204

Requested by Goldmember




The decomposition of daiacl peroxide—IV : Baeyer-Villiger reaction of optically active 3-methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanone
T. Kashiwagi, K. Fujimori, S. Kozuka and S. Oae,
Tetrahedron
1970, Volume 26, Issue 15, Pages 3647-3651
DOI:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92942-4

Reference by no1uno





Amino-Alcohols. IX. Biologic Assay of Propadrin and Ephedrine
Githens,Thomas
J. American Pharmaceutical Assoc.
1933, Vol.22(5),  pp.391-399
DOI: 10.1002/jps.3080220505




Abstract
The physiologic assay of phenylpropanolamine (propadrin) and phenylpropanolmethylamine (ephedrine) is a problem which still awaits completely satisfactory solution. Although the quantitative action of ephedrine has been elucidated fairly thoroughly, and it is known to act on most, if not all, of the structures innervated by the autonomic system, none of these actions lend themselves to accurate quantitative analysis. Its action on each of these structures differ so widely, quantitatively at least, from one animal to another and all are so markedly influenced by slight experimental differences which are not readily analyzed, that is is not possible to obtain quantitative determinations by comparing the action on one animal directly with that on another.



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Halogenation with Copper(II). II. Unsaturated Ketones
Kosower,Edward;Wu,G
J. Org. Chem.
1963, Vol.28(3),  pp.633–638
DOI: 10.1021/jo01038a008





Abstract
The halogenation procedure previously described was applied to a number of unsaturated ketones. 2-Cyclohexenone and 3-methyl-2-cyclohexenone gave phenol and m-cresol, respectively. Isophorone yielded 3-chloro-methyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone and 6-chloro-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone in about equal quantities along with a lesser quantity of some phenols. Mesityl oxide and isomesityl oxide form mixtures (in different proportions) of almost every possible monochlorinated product. Methyl vinyl ketone leads to 3-chloro-3-buten-2-one. The mechanisms for the halogenation reactions are discussed.




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8. Degradation of quaternary ammonium salts. Part V. Molecular rearrangement in related sulphur compounds
Thomson,Thomas;Stevens,Thomas
J. Chem. Soc.
1932 pp.69-73
DOI:  10.1039/JR9320000069




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Nucleophilic Displacement via Frontal Attack. The Stereochemistry of the Stevens Rearrangement
Brewster,James;Kline,Milton
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1952, Vol.74(20), pp.5179–5182
DOI: 10.1021/ja01140a058




Abstract
The relation of the Stevens rearrangement to the amine replacement and alkylide-forming reactions of quaternary ammonium salts is discussed. d-a-Dimethylamino-B-phenylbutyrophenone, prepared by the Stevens rearrangement of the phenacyl bromide derivative of l-N,N-dimethyl-a-phenylethylamine, has been degraded to l-B-methylhydrocinnamic acid via Beckmann rearrangement of the oxime of the ketone formed by reductive deamination of the rearrangement product. The previously established configurational relation of l-N,N-dimethyl-a-phenylethylamine to l-B-methylhydrocinnamic acid shows that the a-phenylethyl group retains its original configuration during its intramolecular migration from nitrogen to carbon. The rearrangement occurs with little racemization; racemic forms of several of the degradation products are, however, concentrated by recrystallization. These findings lend strong support to the concept that nucleophilic displacement can occur by frontal as well as by lateral and rearward attack.

Requested by no1uno




The Interactions of Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine with Citric Acid. A Source of Mutagens. (A Preliminary Report)
Streicher,Robert;Zimmer,Hans;Bercz,J;Coleman,W
Analytical Letters
1986, Vol.19(5),  pp.681-696
DOI: 10.1080/00032718608064529



Abstract
Citric acid, an additive to an important acrylamide based polymeric flocculant, was found to react with an aqueous solution of chlorine to give several chlorinated propanones, di- and trichloroacetic acid, chloroform, and a number of as yet unidentified chlorine containing compounds. Formation of these alledged carcinogens and mutagens also takes place by treating diluted aqueous solutions of frozen orange juice concentrate with such chlorine solutions. The formation and ratios of the detected chlorinated compounds is pH-dependent. A tentative scheme which could account for these findings is presented.


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The Intehaction of Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine with Malic Acid, Tartaric Acid, and Various Fruit Juices: A Source of Mutagens
Chang,Tak-Lung;Streicher,Robert;Zimmer,Hans;Munch,J
Analytical Letters
1988, Vol.21(11), pp.2049-2067
DOI: 10.1080/00032718808059890



Abstract
The interactions of aqueous solutions of chlorine with some fruit acids (citric acid, DL-malic acid, arid L-tartaric acid) at different pH values were studied. Diethyl ether extraction followed by GC/MS analysis indicated that a number of mutagens (certain chlorinated propanones and chloral hydrate) are present as major products in some of these samples. A number of fruit juices (orange, grape, apple, pineapple, and grapefruit) were also treated with aqueous solutions of chlorine at their pH values. The products were analyzed by GC/MS. The same mutagens that were formed by the pure acids (citric acid and DL-malic acid) were identified as major products in ether extracts of these samples. Another mutagen, dichloroacetonitrile, was also identified as a minor product in some of these juice samples. All of the major products observed in the chlorination of all five fruit juices are potentially derived from reactions of aqueous solutions of chlorine with citric or malic acid and with trace amounts of acetaldehyde and acetone in the juices. The minor product, dichloroacetonitrile, is likely derived from the chlorination of certain amino acids in the fruit juices.

Keywords:DL-malic Acid;L-tartaric Acid;Mutagens;Chlorinated Propanones;Orange;Apple;Pineapple; Grapefruit;Dichloroacetonitrile;Chlorinated Acetic Acids; Chloroform;Chlorination;Amino Acids;Aspartic Acid;Trichloroacetaldehyde; Chloral Hydrate


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Chloroform and chlorophenol production by decarboxylation of natural acids during aqueous chlorination
Larson,Richard;Rockwell,Arlene
Environ. Sci. Technol.
1979, 13 (3), pp 325–329
DOI: 10.1021/es60151a014



Abstract
Naturally occurring carboxylic acids of several structural types reacted in dilute solution with aqueous hypochlorite to afford decarboxylation products. Incorporation of chlorine into the residual organic molecule occurred. Citric acid was efficiently converted to chloroform at pH.7. by a pathway probably involving 3-ketoglutaric acid as an intermediate; in acidic or alkaline solution, yields of CHCl3 were lower. Several other enolizable keto acids (including all three isomers of resorcylic acid) were likewise precursors of CHCl3; yields varied widely. Two substituted benzoic acids common to natural waters, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid were decarboxylated by hypochlorite with the production of chlorophenols



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Synthesis of 3-Methyl Isoquinolines*
Govindachari,T;Pai,B
J. Org. Chem.
1953, Vol.18(10),  pp.1253-1262
DOI: 10.1021/jo50016a004




Abstract
This paper is concerned with a study of the limitations and usefulness of a novel method developed by Bruckner and co-workers (1) for the synthesis of 3-methyl isoquinolines. Bruckner and co-workers have applied the method only to propenylbenzenes derived safrole and eugenol. The scheme of work in the present study is shown in Chart I. In the group of compounds employed, poor yields were obtained in the conversion of allylphenols to propenylphenols from which, in turn, pseudonitrosites were formed only in low yields. The study was therefore conducted with the O-methyl ethers of the allylphenols, which could be transformed in high yield to propenylanisoles (V) by treatment with alkali.[/color]


* I don't know why, but when I searched for Claisen Rearrangement 2,5-dimethoxypropenylbenzene this was the result. Therefore I suspect this paper may in fact deal with the rearrangment of 1-methoxy-4-allyloxybenzene & if so, it is FUCKING important.

Requested by no1uno


"Hmm, thought I'd add these - they deal with the preparation of calcium hypophosphite from phosphine (the calcium sulphate is removed by filtration), the CaCl₂ would not affect the product from where I'm sitting..."




812. Kinetics of the reaction between phosphine and sodium hypochlorite in alkaline solution
Lawless,J;Searle,H
J. Chem. Soc.
1962 pp.4200-4205
DOI: 10.1039/JR9620004200


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Absorption of phosphine in aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite and sulphuric acid
Chandrasekaran,K;Sharma,M
Chemical Engineering Science
1977, Volume 32, Issue 3,  Pages 275-280
DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(77)80205-4



Abstract
The kinetics of absorption of phosphine in aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite and sulphuric acid was studied in a stirred cell and a stirred contactor. The reaction of phosphine with aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite was found to first order with respect to phosphine and hypochlorite. The effect of pH on the second order rate constant was also investigated. The value of the second order rate constant was found to vary from 230 to 77,000 1./g mole sec at 28°C in the pH range of 12.95-9.40.

The reaction of phosphene with aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid, in the range of concentrations of 80 to 92% by weight, was also found to be first order with respect to phosphine. The value of the pseudo first order rate constant was found to be in the range of 3 × 106?4 × 10' sec?1 at 28°C. Copper sulphate was found to be an effective catalyst in sulphuric acid solutions.

Requested by no1uno


"The first one is what grabbed my eye (that plus the stereospecific reduction of tropanone with alkoxides)... Looking further, how to make the KOEt/KOiPr, by the look of it, they are even easier to make than the NaOEt/NaOiPr... Noice..."



A Carbonyl Reduction by Potassium Hydroxide in Ethanol
Rubin,Martin
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1944, Vol.66(12),  pp.2075–2076
DOI: 10.1021/ja01240a021




Abstract
The system ROH-ROM, particularly in the case where M is aluminium, is an efficient reagent, for the reduction of carbonyl compounds to the carbinols. Magnesium, tin, zirconium, sodium, zinc and calcium have been used in place of aluminium in this system. Potassium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol has been used to reduce soem aldehydes and potassium hydroxide in ethanol under reflux has been utilized for the reduction of substituted benzophenones and at 200-300^o for high molecular weight aliphatic ketones. Under these conditions the potassium is predominantly in the form of the alkoxide.



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Composition of Vapor and Liquid Phases in the Potassium Hydroxide + Methanol Reaction System at 25^o
Platonov,Andrew;Kurzin,Alexander;Evdokimov,Andrey
J. Solution Chemistry
2010, Vol.39(3),  pp.335-342
DOI: 10.1007/s10953-010-9505-1




Abstract
The composition of the vapor and liquid phases of the KOH + CH3OH system has been studied by the gas chromatography (GC) method at 25?°C. It has been found that the methanol vapor concentration, and the quantity of potassium methoxide formed as a result of the acid–base reaction of potassium hydroxide with methanol, both depend on the KOH/CH3OH mole ratio. The maximum mass fraction of potassium methoxide that forms is 2.6% at the mole ratio 0.018.

Keywords:Potassium hydroxide;Methanol;Potassium methoxide;Vapor-liquid equilibrium



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Reaction Products of Ethyl Alcohol and Sodium Hydroxide
Williams,Dudley;Bost,R
J. Chem. Phys.
1939, Vol.4(4), pp.251-253
DOI: 10.1063/1.1749831




Abstract
A study has been made of the products formed when sodium hydroxide and ethyl alcohol react in the absence of water. Evidence has been found which indicates a reaction in which sodium ethylate and water are produced. Three types of tests have been made to determine the amount of water formed. The copper acetylide method, a volumetric method, and a method involving infrared absorption measurements all indicate a reaction which goes from 75 to 100 percent toward completion.



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Solubility of Potassium Carbonate in Methanol
Platonov,Andrew;Evdokimov,Andrey;Kurzin,Alexander;Maiyorova,Helen
J. Chem. Eng. Data,
2002, Vol.47(5),  pp.1175–1176
DOI: 10.1021/je020012v


Abstract
The solubility of potassium carbonate in methanol and the acid?base interaction of these compounds with each other have been considered. The reaction results in the formation of methoxide and hydrocarbonate of potassium. The reported values on the solubility of potassium carbonate differ essentially from the data described in the literature. The solubility of potassium hydrocarbonate in methanol has also been determined.

Requested by no1uno


""Shit, according to that last paper, phosphine burns in chlorine atmosphere to give PCl₅... That could be handy......Has anyone got GC's preparation via a thermite-type reduction of AlP? A shitty, simple synthesis appeals"




The Chlorination of Metals in the Presence of a Donor Solvent
Osthoff,Robert;West,Robert
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1954,Vol.76(18),  pp.4732–4734
DOI: 10.1021/ja01647a071





Abstract
A method for the low temperature chlorination of cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc and chromium, in several donor solvents, is described. Several methods for the isolation of pure anhydrous metal halides or coordination compounds of the anhydrous halides have been established. It is shown that the halogenation of the metals in the presence of donor solvents is a rather general one; and that it must involve coordination of the solvent to the metals, for these reactions do not occur in non-polar solvents.


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Preparation of Zinc Phosphide
Murali,K;Gopalam,B
J. Materials Science Letters
1986, Vol.5(10),  pp.989-990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01730258




Abstract
Zn₃P₂ has recently gained importance owing to its possible use in photovoltaic devices [1,2]. All previous investigations have been on materials synthesized by direct reaction of zinc and phosphorus. These material exhibit p-type conductivity which has been attributed to the presence of native defects (phosphorus interstitials).


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On the Preparation of the Phosphides of Aluminum, Gallium and Indium
Addamiano,Arrigo
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1960, Vol.82(7),  pp.1537–1540
DOI: 10.1021/ja01492a005




Abstract
The phosphides of aluminiumm, gallium and indium can be prepared by reaction between those metals and zinc phosphide, Zn₃P₂, in a neutral atmosphere (argon, hydrogen) at about 800-900^o. The reaction proceeds according to the scheme:

 2Me + Zn₃P₂ ==> 2MeP + 3Zn (Me = Al, Ga, Zn){sic}

with formation of the phosphides of the third group elements and evolution of zinc vapors. X-ray and analytical data are given. The yield of the reaction is a maximum for AlP, while some metal is left unreacted in the preparation of GaP and InP.

Requested by no1uno


"Here are a couple more, I'd like to find a way to make use of the 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol that would be the hydrolysis product of the MCPA Herbicide that comes cheap as shit, in big drums, as the dimethylamine salt. The dimethylamine I have a use for, I'd like to get rid of the chlorine from the ring of the hydrolysis product as the 2-methyl-1,4-hydroquinone would be a great precursor to DOM,...."






Photochemical Behaviour of 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid: Influence of pH and Irradiation Wavelength
Zertal,Abdennour;Sehili,Tahar;Boule,Pierre
J. Photochem. & Photobiol. A: Chemistry
2001, Vol.146(1),  pp.37-48
DOI: 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00534-2



Abstract
The kinetics of phototransformation of MCPA is studied under various irradiation conditions. The photocatalytic transformation on TiO2 in aqueous suspension is almost specific and leads to 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (P7) as the main photoproduct. The same product is obtained when MCPA is irradiated on silica in the absence of water. The direct phototransformation is more complex: the reaction is not influenced by oxygen but it depends on the pH of the solution and on the irradiation wavelength. With the anionic form irradiated between 254 and 350 nm, photohydrolysis of C–Cl bond is almost quantitative (yield>86%). It leads to the hydroxylated photoproduct P2. With the molecular form the main product P5 results from a photochemical rearrangement of the molecule. With both forms, some other photoproducts are also identified and quantified, particularly methylhydroquinone (P1) and P7. 2-Methylphenol (P6) is only obtained with the anionic form as a minor product. However, irradiation of solutions in sunlight or with lamps emitting mainly at 365 nm (about 2 and 6% of the light is emitted at 334 and 313 nm, respectively) yields P7 as the main photoproduct. Its formation is self-accelerated. This wavelength effect is attributed to reactions induced by quinonic compounds formed as intermediates since the disappearance of MCPA is more efficient in presence of quinonic products. P7 is also the major photoproduct when phototransformation is induced by nitrite ions or Fe(III) perchlorate. Besides, it appears from Microtox® test that photoproducts formed at wavelength shorter than 350 nm are more toxic to the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri than the initial compound.

Author Keywords:MCPA;Photolysis;Photocatalysis;Photorearrangement;Wavelength effect;Induced phototransformation; Toxicity

Requested by no1uno


"Both EPA & DHA ethanolamides are Anandamide analogues, the binding is 5-10 times lower @CB1 (respectively), but that aside, how hard is it to buy several liters of fish oil?"



Preparation of Omega-3 PUFA Concentrates from Fish Oils via Urea Complexation
Ratnayake,W;Matthews,D;Ackmann,R
]Lipid / Fett
1988, Vol.90(10), pp.381–386
DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19880901002




Abstract
The effect of weight ratio of urea to fatty acids and the urea-fatty acid adduct crystallization temperature on the enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid from marine oil fatty acids was studied. The optimum ratio of urea to fatty acids was found to be 3 : 1 for laboratory scale preparations and the optimum temperature for the formation of urea-fatty acid adduct was 1°C. At very low temperatures (?12, ?18, ?35°C) the recovery efficiency for EPA was reduced. Using these optimum values, enrichment of EPA and other n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via urea complexation was carried out on a pilot plant scale in a variety of North Atlantic and North Pacific fist oils and a seal oil. Irrespective of hte type of starting oil, all the oils gave a concentrate with 69–85% total n-3 PUFA with an overall yield of 17–20%. Menhaden is clearly an ideal oil for preparation of EPA concentrate, as the starting oil usually has a higher proportion of EPA to DHA than most of the other commercial fish oils.


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Purification Process for Cod Liver Oil Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Guil-Guerrero,J;Belarbi,El-Hassan
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
2001, Vol.78(5),  pp.477-484
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-001-0289-9




Abstract
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20?5n?3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22?6n?3), which have several pharmaceutical properties, have been purified from cod liver oil. The process consisted of four main steps: (i) saponification of the oil, (ii) use of urea inclusion adducts method to obtain PUFA, (iii) PUFA methylation, and (iv) argentation silica gel column chromatography of the methylated PUFA. Argentation silica gel chromatography yielded highly pure DHA in the process (100% purity, 64% yiild). For EPA, the recovery in the combined process was 29.6%, and the final purity was 90.6%, owing to the simultaneous elution of other polyunsaturated fatty esters. The recovery in the urea inclusion method was strongly enhanced by application of orbital agitation during the crystallization process, in which EPA yield increased from 60–70% without agitation to 90–97% at 800 rpm; stearidonic acid (18?4n?3) yield ranged from 60–75% without agitation to 87–95% at 800 rpm, and DHA yield varied from 53–73% without agitation to 85–99% at 800 rpm

Keywords:Argentation silica gel column chromatography;cod liver oil;docosahexanoenoic acid;eicosapentaenoic acid;polyunsaturated fatty acids;urea inclusion adducts



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Separation and Preparative Purification of Arachidonic Acid from Microbial Lipids by Urea Inclusion Reaction and HPLC  
Yuan,Chengling;Wang,Xiangquin;Yu,Zengliang
Prep. Biochem. & Biotech.
2007, Vol.37(2),  pp.149-159
DOI: 10.1080/10826060701199098




Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) was separated and purified from microbial lipids by the combined method of urea inclusion reaction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. At first, AA was concentrated from free fatty acids made from microbial lipids by a urea inclusion reaction. The optimum conditions were as follows: methanol was the suitable solvent, the ratio of free fatty acids to urea to methanol was 1:2:8 (wt/wt), and the temperature of the urea inclusion reaction was -10°C. The AA content was increased from 38% to 79%, and then AA was purified on a C18 preparative column (300 mmtimes30 mm I.D., dp=15 µm), using methanol-water (95:5, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The purity of AA after two steps purification reached 99%. This result indicates that the combined method of the urea inclusion reaction and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography is a promising technique for purification of AA.

Keywords:Arachidonic acid;Polyunsaturated fatty acids;Urea inclusion reaction;Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography;Separation;Purification