Author Topic: Benzaldehyde  (Read 1073 times)

Prepuce1

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #20 on: September 21, 2009, 01:02:13 AM »
Speaking of benzaldehyde, I was recently reading that a method  convenient for laboratory preparation is side chain chlorination of toluene. It doesn't give a great deal of information, but the diagram makes it look pretty easy.

toluene + Cl2 + heat -> benzal chloride
benzal chloride + H2O, 100C -> benzaldehyde

Hopefully this hasn't been discussed to death in the past, but I thought it might be worth mentioning.

PP

Douchermann

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #21 on: September 21, 2009, 04:17:40 PM »

Prepuce1

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #22 on: September 22, 2009, 07:25:29 AM »
Hmmm. Maybe instead of hoping I should have checked.

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Douchermann

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #23 on: September 23, 2009, 08:00:30 PM »
My appologies, I missed the 'a' in the benzal chloride, and thought you said benzyl chloride.  That method works for benzal chloride (chlorine + toluene) however, hydrolysis does not go as well as it should.  There is a thread on SM where one of the higher members attempted hydrolysis of benzal chloride with a base (I believe it was klute) and the reaction was quite low yielding. 

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #24 on: September 23, 2009, 10:46:08 PM »
Look for Lens post in the prepublication section, its one of the best write ups on Science Madness if you ask me. Full of detail and goes on to explain the production and use of BnCl2, BnCl, BnO and BnOH.
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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #25 on: December 14, 2009, 05:04:36 PM »
Reference Information



Kinetics of the Nitric Acid Oxidation of Benzyl Ethers to Benzaldehydes
Yoshiro Ogata, Yasuhiko Sawaki
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88 (24), pp 5832–5837


Abstract
The nitric acid oxidation of benzyl ethers has been studied kinetically in aqueous dioxane. The
oxidation is initiated by a small amount of nitrous acid and follows first-order kinetics with respect to the ether.
The rate of oxidation is in most cases independent of either nitric acid (over 0.5 M) or nitrous acid, while the oxidation
with more dilute (below 0.5 M) nitric acid contains a term of nitric acid in the rate equation. The oxidation is
accelerated by increasing the acidity of media; the plot of log kl cs. -Ha gives a straight line with a slope of 1.0.
The rate constant also increases with increasing dioxane content in the solvent. The apparent energy and entropy of
activation are 31-34 kcal/mole and 10-13 eu, respectively. The substituent effect in the benzyl ring satisfies Hammett's
equation, giving a p value of - 1.9. A polar effect is also observed with the substituents in alkyl group, the
order of reactivity being i-Pr > Et > Me > CsHs. A mechanism which involves the benzyl hydrogen abstraction
by the conjugate acid of nitrogen dioxide is postulated and discussed.


--------------------------------------


Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Dilute Nitric Acid
Sudhir R. Joshi, Kamal L. Kataria, Sudhirprakash B. Sawant,* and Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 44 (2), pp 325–333


Abstract
The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by dilute nitric acid has been selected for the study as a typical method for the manufacture of industrially important intermediate benzaldehyde. All the reactions have been performed in the absence of any solvent. A catalytic amount of sodium nitrite is essential for the generation of active state of nitrogen. Benzyl nitrite is formed in a substantial amount as an intermediate. The effects of various parameters such as the NaNO2 loading, nitric acid concentration, temperature, and molar ratio have been investigated. The stoichiometric requirement of nitric acid for benzyl alcohol conversion has also been determined. The probable mechanism for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using nitric acid is proposed, showing the reversible formation of benzyl nitrite and its irreversible decomposition to benzaldehyde. The mass-transfer resistance has been eliminated for the investigation of kinetics of all the reactions in the consecutive path. The influence of chloro substitution on the oxidation rates of 2-chlorobenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohols has been presented.
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poisoninthestain

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #26 on: December 24, 2009, 10:41:52 PM »
styrene + oxone, stir overnight in nonpolar, stoich amounts slight excess oxone. food for thought.

SOMA

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #27 on: December 24, 2009, 11:30:01 PM »
Do you have any refs.? Are you saying that if instead of using styrene I use half the molar ammount of piperine in for example DCM or ether, I'll get Piperonal?

crazyboy

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #28 on: December 25, 2009, 02:00:54 AM »
What about converting cinnamon oil to benzaldehyde with potassium carbonate or bicarbonate? There is a great post by Cycloknoight on sciencemadness which detail this. Cinnamon oil is available and unregulated and potassium carbonate is dirt cheap.

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #29 on: December 25, 2009, 05:12:10 AM »
"styrene + oxone"

Yes, this would be really interesting to see happen...
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shroomedalice

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #30 on: January 23, 2010, 05:23:21 PM »
I dont think oxone would work as it is an oxidant that leads to epoxides with iso saf as can been seen all through
the hive and rhodium.

I think you will find that you get styrene epoxide with oxone and what you want is ozone which is rather hard to
make unless you have high temps or an arc setup.

even then you only get it in small amounts,

I may be wrong becouse its usualy used with acetic acid to make the peracid and your talking about useing
it neat.

still I would think that an acid would make it more active than less I can not see it cleaving an alkene to an aldehyde
like some manganese oxides do.


Vesp

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #31 on: January 24, 2010, 11:11:12 PM »
Electrolysis of H2SO4 and H2O prodocue O3 in a decent amount from what I hear.. even if the yeild sucks... the reacts being acid water and electricity are cheap so it would be well work it.. also it would be easier to deal with then would arcs and crazy things...
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no1uno

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #32 on: January 25, 2010, 04:43:21 AM »
Have a look around for Benzyl Benzoate, it is used in a LOT of OTC products and is rather cheap... Oxidation of the BnOH (via hydrolysis of the ester) with MnO2 will give you BnO
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headstrong

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #33 on: April 06, 2010, 11:00:39 AM »
I use Benzyl Acetate, a very common fragrance ingredient.

Benzyl Acetate to Benzyl Alcohol;
Trans Esterification (i do it because i need Methyl Acetate)
1. dissolve 40 g KOH in 1 l MeOH (above 95%)
2. combine that solution with 1 l Benzyl Acetate in 6 l plastic bottle
3. add some baked K2SO4 or K2CO3 into that bottle, and shake hard to dry it.
4. Filter into 2 l Erlenmeyer flask
5. distillation set up, heat at +- 45 c for 2 hrs, then rise temperature to distill Methyl Acetate-MeOH azeotrope
6. when i got 750 ml in receiving flask i add 500 ml anhydrous MeOH, just optional, distill again till total 1,25 l in receiving flask.
7.  acid hydrolysis to ensure fully conversion, by add 200 ml water (check pH, add KOH if pH below 14), boil for 2 hrs, still in distillation set up. The solution is still homogen (just a little foggy when its cool) means stirring is not necessary,  because most Acetic acid has been converted to Methyl Acetate and distilled that makes just a little Potassium acetate formed during acid hydrolysis.
8. let cool, no smell of benzyl acetate at all when i opened the cap. Neutralize with H3PO4 or whatever, solution will be separated into 2 layers, collect Benzyl Alcohol layer (upper layer) transfer into 1 l beaker glass, and heat to remove remaining water and MeOH. Yield is very good, about 700 ml in my beaker glass, and I'm lazy to count how much precisely. I get 2 benefits from this procedure, Methyl Acetate and the volume can be compressed, just need 2 l beaker glass for 1 l Benzyl Acetate.

 I'll use NaOCl to oxidize it to PhCHO, i'm thinking how to perform it, i'll post the write up if i find something interesting.

embezzler

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #34 on: April 21, 2010, 09:57:35 PM »
I hope you all will forgive the laziness here but I am ripping my post out of one of the WD sites.... Seems like an interesting method.


The conversion of benzyl alcohol is cited to generate the aldehyde in a 96% yield using MW radiation and iron III nitrate all in under 20 seconds. :thumbsup:

The team used a continuous flow as they are pitching this as a method that can be scaled up but I think that a few small aliquots could be prepared without the need for this.

If I am correct the 2 compounds may be separated by freezing in a commercial freezer.

Ref: Process intensification: oxidation of benzyl alcohol using a continuous
isothermal reactor under microwave irradiation
R. J. J. Jachuck,*a D. K. Selvaraja and R. S. Varmab

http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/GC/article.asp?doi=B512732G

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solidstone

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #35 on: October 27, 2010, 06:15:58 AM »
As we all know benzyl chloride is easily prepared from gassing toluene with Chlorine gas(light as the catalyst): http://www.faizkaskar.8k.com/light.html

According to wikipedia: "Benzyl alcohol is prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride using sodium hydroxide:
C6H5CH2Cl + NaOH ? C6H5CH2OH + NaCl"

From Benzyl alcohol I found a very interesting paper: http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2G7Q5LGwXMEJ:www.desline.com/articoli/7547.pdf+benzyl+alcohol+oxidation&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESh1jOBF1_WjpqcsL_ng9QASvoNvcnOvQvMq4Sp009CUdbv7lyhpniXmd-uLy0jYVw3xGBsbwAYPcB7RO6pjMNdlfO8b7SpPyiLGnNuLz8KuZxFd5NMmOfLjUiabdogaF5CEdyGz&sig=AHIEtbT6fL3RTOt8U-5SeDxupDRLVZs2XA

The paper details photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde utilizing TiO2 as the catalyst.  The experiment is interesting because they essentially let the sun do all the work.  Essentially setting the benzyl alcohol vat with TiO2 in the sun for a day yielded benzaldehyde.  This would of course be nice because of its painless scalability.

micro

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #36 on: October 28, 2010, 07:25:41 PM »
About the scalability of the TiO2, BzCN sun reaction.
I'd suspect that some serious stirring would be needed to ensure proper reaction rate.
And this idea comes at a rather inopportune time as the temp outside hovers around 4*C during the day I'd rather not call it sunny.
And the mechanism might depend on the UV component of sunlight and thus rendering artificial lightning harder.
But in any case some TiO2 will be on my shopping list. The paint store will propably have it, but they fucking rob me in the prices, thus I never buy from them.
I'll have to order it and it will be a kilo min thanks to the vendor not dabbling in small qualities.

solidstone

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Re: Benzaldehyde
« Reply #37 on: October 28, 2010, 08:33:13 PM »
I'd be curious to determine which light wavelengths are responsible for the reaction.  I read that chlorine is best effected by blue light for reaction and removal, and that correlates with the wavelengths chlorine absorbs, so I would assume that if this is true for other reactions, ideal lighting could be calculated for additions and elimination reactions.