zaibatsu
March 6th, 2003, 03:21 PM
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted February 28, 2001 05:24 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I had a dream in which I had been Inspired to build a self-destructing safe; 2'1/2 X 1'1/2 X 1'1/2; The 3/8" Bottom, 1/2" walls, 1/2" Lid.
I figure I could use Mercury Switch; to measure a large in crease in heat(Cutting touch, etc.). A magentic sensor in the bottom if it is lifted off where it sits(attempt to take it back to the lab.) A Light Sensor(Photo Resisto of some kind.); to detect if they drill into it for a small cammera.
one thing I was unsure of in my dream was would the Metal be thick enough to shield it from X-Ray or and other type of radiation or would it be necessary to shield it with Lead(Pb) on the inside.
The self destruction method I conclueded in my dream would work the best would be Thermite. Thermite(3 X 1lbs to be initiated all at the same time) would inciderate most things(Papers, Cd's, Discs, Harddrives.) to be kept in the safe.
All the sensors would be deactivated upon openig of the safe there for you would be able to move chage the batteries etc. once you had opened the safe.
Question? Comments? Concerns?
I lok forward to continuing this dream
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 01, 2001 03:59 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An earthquake happened today in Seattle, you might want to take that into consideration.
Also you will need to be able to open it.
Then you have the identification/password electronics, which become the weakest spot.
Anthony
Moderator
Posts: 2304
From: England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 01, 2001 11:59 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Don't you want a thermistor to detect heating? AFAIK mecury switches are only used to detect motion.
How sensitive would this heat sensor be? In the course of a year the environmental temperature could easily go from
-10*C to 35*C+ possibly colder if you live in like Canada. Would cutting raise the internal temperature more than 50*C? Surely they would risk damaging the contents if it did?
Personally I think they'd go they'd open it via the lock, it's the weakest link but then I'm no safe cracker.
Maybe you could booby trap the door? So when you open the door the ignition circuit is completed unless it is dissabled by say a reed switch activated by sticking a magnet to the specific area on the outside of the safe?
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 01, 2001 12:03 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No..No..No,
I am not going to use a electronics(for the lock); it is just one more thing for the cops to try and fuck with.
Where I live there are no Eathquakes. You could always use a Ball switch, then bolt it down.
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 01, 2001 12:50 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolt it down...from inside the safe?
blackadder
Frequent Poster
Posts: 313
From: London
Registered: DEC 2000
posted March 01, 2001 04:30 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I guess you could make a bomb that would detonate when the safe door was opened more than 3cm away from the safe itself. Of course when you opened it, you would only open the safe door to 2cm, and then somehow disable the bomb. (you would have sorted that out for yourself beforehand).
You could make the bomb so that it detonated at high temperatures, too.
I saw something in that movie jennifer lopez starred in, where this guy set his safe up so that a grenade's pin was connecting the door to the walls of the safe. When the door was opened, the pin would come out and the grenade would blow up. The guy who owned the safe would open the door a TINY bit, and carefully remove the pin from the wall, without taking it out the grenade.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 02, 2001 02:34 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolt it down on the outside. so they appear to have access to it. then when they un-bolt it and lift it of the magnet it inciderates the contents.
Anthony: If I took the trouble to make a self-destructing safe I would keep it in side. That is why I would have it set to self-destruct. If something was burried in a park or the like; I would not have it elaberately boobytraped(Just a simple handgrenade setup with no deley in an ammo box).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
Anthony
Moderator
Posts: 2304
From: England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 02, 2001 04:10 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Whether the lock is electronic or mechanical it would probably be the easiest way to get the safe open.
It's a good idea though.
nbk2000
Moderator
Posts: 1091
From: Guess
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 03, 2001 01:06 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I've scanned in my drawings from when I was originally developing the RTPB and thinking about the SD safe.
The bolts that attach the safe componets are part of the electrical circuit in the alarm. If bolt is completly cut the circuit is broken and the SD goes off.
The safe is protectected by a monolithic cast reinforced concrete shell tha protects the sides and top of the safe. The shell prevents removal by prying or yanking. It also delays penetration and requires the use of heavy power tools. Only the front is exposed.
Lost foam casting is used for an exact fit and to cast in channels for the shield. After the shield is inserted it is bolted in and the channel filled in with concrete.
Before the shell is cast though, wire loops are run through the rebar. If the concrete is broken, the circuit is broken and the SD activated.
If the safe itself is drilled or torched, either the wire grid will be broken or the safe wall and inner conductor will be connected through the drill bit.
When the safe door is unlocked, an inner grate and chain prevents the contents from being snatched out before the SD can activate, in case the safe lock is compromised.
When the safe door is opened, a delay timer (5 seconds) starts and the safe door only opens only a few inchs to allow key insertion. If the key is not inserted within 5 seconds, the SD burns everything to ash and slag.
An opening is cut in the bottom of the safe with a hole in the floor where the thermite charge is placed in a crucible. The igniter is connected to the alarm circuit and a grill is put in place to support the safe contents.
If the safe is compromised, the thermite ignites, and 5,000 degree F flames burns all organics to gas and ash, metals melted, and everything falls down into the pit. After cooling off, the only thing left of the safes contents is a blob of slag and ash.
------------------
"The knowledge that they fear is a weapon to be used against them"
Go here to download the NBK2000 website PDF.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 03, 2001 04:00 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very nice. Cement would be cheaper to do than Metal. I like the wire grid. I am surprised that you also chose Thermite; I guess great minds do think alike(*smirk*).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
Jumala
Frequent Poster
Posts: 199
From: Germany
Registered: OCT 2000
posted March 03, 2001 10:41 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hallo,
to use a light sensor, a LDR in the save with a delay electronic to the igniter is a good method.
Everyone who wants to open your save will use light (or he canīt see anything)while working to open it.
Sako
A new voice
Posts: 36
From:
Registered: NOV 2000
posted March 03, 2001 10:55 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What about having a fake lock on the front and if any body trys to pick, it would set off the Termite or have a combo lock on the front and have two combo's, 1 set's the termite off and the other opens it. Would that be possible?
Ctrl_C
Frequent Poster
Posts: 225
From:
Registered: NOV 2000
posted March 03, 2001 11:08 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if what you're keeping in this safe is so important as to go through all this trouble, why not just hide it somewhere instead of making it attract attention to itself.
some ideas: in a hole in a wall covered by loose wallpaper, buried somewhere, in a volume of hollowed out encyclopedias connected together, in a space behind a false back to a bookcase or a false bottom to a drawer, in a speaker cabinet, in a space under a loose floor tile, in a false pipe in the basement et cetra
oh and btw, what about a fingerprint reader? the only way to get around that is to cut off the owner's finger.
[This message has been edited by Ctrl_C (edited March 03, 2001).]
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 03, 2001 11:56 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Or duplicate the fingerprint.
My ideal safe will be mirror smooth and projection free (of course it has a fucking door!) Only one person knows how to open this
safe and if it has experienced forced entry, it then self destructs.
Then there will be a sign said : This safety
vault will detonate when experiencing unauthorized entry.
Better deter the one that trys to open it than losing valuables.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 12:15 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cypher lock is to expensive; who said anything about not hiding it well?
Read the RTPB.pdf it is worht it!!
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
PYRO500
Moderator
Posts: 1466
From: somewhere in florida
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 01:12 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would draw a picture if my computer was working but I was thinking of a key to open this, why not an electronic lock, you will have a hole in it that has contacts on the walls, so you make a key that only connects certain contacts, you could double or triple this needing 2 or 3 keys to be inserted in the right holes. connect any one wrong contact and BOOM the asshole trying to pick your lock looses his hands at best. to make a key like this you will need a system to make sure the key is in place like a sensor at the bottom. now of corse this will be hidden in something like the base mounting hole or something of the case and the stupid pigs will go for the apparent keypad at the front and probably try to hot-wire it and blow/melt their hands off. while you would just stick a pin in the bottom and take your stuff out. you probsbly could make one of these by taking aluminum berings and hobby beads and putting them on a shaft of a kind, of corse to be truly effective you will want to have an eay way to destrou the key so you can take the beads/berings off in a hurry. you might wanna make a note of the yeys so you can rebuild them
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 11:20 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you set it up to hurt the opperator you could get charged with that in court if nothing else. Unless you live in texas yuo can't protect your property with deadly force; only people(even that is a tricky area).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
nbk2000
Moderator
Posts: 1091
From: Guess
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 05, 2001 07:57 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agent Blak, I like the signature. HAHAHA!
The whole point behind the SD safe is to destroy shit that will get you sent to prison. It defeats the purpose if in the process of destroying the dirt you end up maiming someone. Then you'll get busted for mayhem and bombs instead of the hacking or whatever it was that got their attention in the first place.
You want the safe to look like it's just your average joe blow wal-mart $200 sentry safe. This way the pigs think it's easy prey and take a sledge hammer and pry bar to it, not realising that it's a lot more difficult than that.
RTPB#51. Police operate by knowing the pattern of criminal behavior. If you don't fit the pattern, you are that
much harder to catch.
In this case, since SD safes aren't something police have seen, they're not thinking "We'd better analyze this safe before we try to force it open, it may be rigged to self-desruct." They'll think it's just the typical cheapo safe and end up destroying the very thing they're looking for.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 06, 2001 12:42 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would still shield the conents with lead in case they try to fry the electronics or X-ray it. mind you the Mrays would destroys discs anyway.
NBK;
Thanx My boss told me that. I mean it in a different sense than he did. He also told me about the 4Fs...Find'em, Feel'em, Fuck'em, Forget'em.
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted February 28, 2001 05:24 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I had a dream in which I had been Inspired to build a self-destructing safe; 2'1/2 X 1'1/2 X 1'1/2; The 3/8" Bottom, 1/2" walls, 1/2" Lid.
I figure I could use Mercury Switch; to measure a large in crease in heat(Cutting touch, etc.). A magentic sensor in the bottom if it is lifted off where it sits(attempt to take it back to the lab.) A Light Sensor(Photo Resisto of some kind.); to detect if they drill into it for a small cammera.
one thing I was unsure of in my dream was would the Metal be thick enough to shield it from X-Ray or and other type of radiation or would it be necessary to shield it with Lead(Pb) on the inside.
The self destruction method I conclueded in my dream would work the best would be Thermite. Thermite(3 X 1lbs to be initiated all at the same time) would inciderate most things(Papers, Cd's, Discs, Harddrives.) to be kept in the safe.
All the sensors would be deactivated upon openig of the safe there for you would be able to move chage the batteries etc. once you had opened the safe.
Question? Comments? Concerns?
I lok forward to continuing this dream
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 01, 2001 03:59 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An earthquake happened today in Seattle, you might want to take that into consideration.
Also you will need to be able to open it.
Then you have the identification/password electronics, which become the weakest spot.
Anthony
Moderator
Posts: 2304
From: England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 01, 2001 11:59 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Don't you want a thermistor to detect heating? AFAIK mecury switches are only used to detect motion.
How sensitive would this heat sensor be? In the course of a year the environmental temperature could easily go from
-10*C to 35*C+ possibly colder if you live in like Canada. Would cutting raise the internal temperature more than 50*C? Surely they would risk damaging the contents if it did?
Personally I think they'd go they'd open it via the lock, it's the weakest link but then I'm no safe cracker.
Maybe you could booby trap the door? So when you open the door the ignition circuit is completed unless it is dissabled by say a reed switch activated by sticking a magnet to the specific area on the outside of the safe?
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 01, 2001 12:03 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No..No..No,
I am not going to use a electronics(for the lock); it is just one more thing for the cops to try and fuck with.
Where I live there are no Eathquakes. You could always use a Ball switch, then bolt it down.
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 01, 2001 12:50 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolt it down...from inside the safe?
blackadder
Frequent Poster
Posts: 313
From: London
Registered: DEC 2000
posted March 01, 2001 04:30 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I guess you could make a bomb that would detonate when the safe door was opened more than 3cm away from the safe itself. Of course when you opened it, you would only open the safe door to 2cm, and then somehow disable the bomb. (you would have sorted that out for yourself beforehand).
You could make the bomb so that it detonated at high temperatures, too.
I saw something in that movie jennifer lopez starred in, where this guy set his safe up so that a grenade's pin was connecting the door to the walls of the safe. When the door was opened, the pin would come out and the grenade would blow up. The guy who owned the safe would open the door a TINY bit, and carefully remove the pin from the wall, without taking it out the grenade.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 02, 2001 02:34 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolt it down on the outside. so they appear to have access to it. then when they un-bolt it and lift it of the magnet it inciderates the contents.
Anthony: If I took the trouble to make a self-destructing safe I would keep it in side. That is why I would have it set to self-destruct. If something was burried in a park or the like; I would not have it elaberately boobytraped(Just a simple handgrenade setup with no deley in an ammo box).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
Anthony
Moderator
Posts: 2304
From: England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 02, 2001 04:10 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Whether the lock is electronic or mechanical it would probably be the easiest way to get the safe open.
It's a good idea though.
nbk2000
Moderator
Posts: 1091
From: Guess
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 03, 2001 01:06 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I've scanned in my drawings from when I was originally developing the RTPB and thinking about the SD safe.
The bolts that attach the safe componets are part of the electrical circuit in the alarm. If bolt is completly cut the circuit is broken and the SD goes off.
The safe is protectected by a monolithic cast reinforced concrete shell tha protects the sides and top of the safe. The shell prevents removal by prying or yanking. It also delays penetration and requires the use of heavy power tools. Only the front is exposed.
Lost foam casting is used for an exact fit and to cast in channels for the shield. After the shield is inserted it is bolted in and the channel filled in with concrete.
Before the shell is cast though, wire loops are run through the rebar. If the concrete is broken, the circuit is broken and the SD activated.
If the safe itself is drilled or torched, either the wire grid will be broken or the safe wall and inner conductor will be connected through the drill bit.
When the safe door is unlocked, an inner grate and chain prevents the contents from being snatched out before the SD can activate, in case the safe lock is compromised.
When the safe door is opened, a delay timer (5 seconds) starts and the safe door only opens only a few inchs to allow key insertion. If the key is not inserted within 5 seconds, the SD burns everything to ash and slag.
An opening is cut in the bottom of the safe with a hole in the floor where the thermite charge is placed in a crucible. The igniter is connected to the alarm circuit and a grill is put in place to support the safe contents.
If the safe is compromised, the thermite ignites, and 5,000 degree F flames burns all organics to gas and ash, metals melted, and everything falls down into the pit. After cooling off, the only thing left of the safes contents is a blob of slag and ash.
------------------
"The knowledge that they fear is a weapon to be used against them"
Go here to download the NBK2000 website PDF.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 03, 2001 04:00 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Very nice. Cement would be cheaper to do than Metal. I like the wire grid. I am surprised that you also chose Thermite; I guess great minds do think alike(*smirk*).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
Jumala
Frequent Poster
Posts: 199
From: Germany
Registered: OCT 2000
posted March 03, 2001 10:41 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hallo,
to use a light sensor, a LDR in the save with a delay electronic to the igniter is a good method.
Everyone who wants to open your save will use light (or he canīt see anything)while working to open it.
Sako
A new voice
Posts: 36
From:
Registered: NOV 2000
posted March 03, 2001 10:55 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What about having a fake lock on the front and if any body trys to pick, it would set off the Termite or have a combo lock on the front and have two combo's, 1 set's the termite off and the other opens it. Would that be possible?
Ctrl_C
Frequent Poster
Posts: 225
From:
Registered: NOV 2000
posted March 03, 2001 11:08 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if what you're keeping in this safe is so important as to go through all this trouble, why not just hide it somewhere instead of making it attract attention to itself.
some ideas: in a hole in a wall covered by loose wallpaper, buried somewhere, in a volume of hollowed out encyclopedias connected together, in a space behind a false back to a bookcase or a false bottom to a drawer, in a speaker cabinet, in a space under a loose floor tile, in a false pipe in the basement et cetra
oh and btw, what about a fingerprint reader? the only way to get around that is to cut off the owner's finger.
[This message has been edited by Ctrl_C (edited March 03, 2001).]
HMTD Factory
Frequent Poster
Posts: 214
From:
Registered: FEB 2001
posted March 03, 2001 11:56 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Or duplicate the fingerprint.
My ideal safe will be mirror smooth and projection free (of course it has a fucking door!) Only one person knows how to open this
safe and if it has experienced forced entry, it then self destructs.
Then there will be a sign said : This safety
vault will detonate when experiencing unauthorized entry.
Better deter the one that trys to open it than losing valuables.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 12:15 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cypher lock is to expensive; who said anything about not hiding it well?
Read the RTPB.pdf it is worht it!!
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
PYRO500
Moderator
Posts: 1466
From: somewhere in florida
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 01:12 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would draw a picture if my computer was working but I was thinking of a key to open this, why not an electronic lock, you will have a hole in it that has contacts on the walls, so you make a key that only connects certain contacts, you could double or triple this needing 2 or 3 keys to be inserted in the right holes. connect any one wrong contact and BOOM the asshole trying to pick your lock looses his hands at best. to make a key like this you will need a system to make sure the key is in place like a sensor at the bottom. now of corse this will be hidden in something like the base mounting hole or something of the case and the stupid pigs will go for the apparent keypad at the front and probably try to hot-wire it and blow/melt their hands off. while you would just stick a pin in the bottom and take your stuff out. you probsbly could make one of these by taking aluminum berings and hobby beads and putting them on a shaft of a kind, of corse to be truly effective you will want to have an eay way to destrou the key so you can take the beads/berings off in a hurry. you might wanna make a note of the yeys so you can rebuild them
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 04, 2001 11:20 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you set it up to hurt the opperator you could get charged with that in court if nothing else. Unless you live in texas yuo can't protect your property with deadly force; only people(even that is a tricky area).
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!
nbk2000
Moderator
Posts: 1091
From: Guess
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 05, 2001 07:57 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agent Blak, I like the signature. HAHAHA!
The whole point behind the SD safe is to destroy shit that will get you sent to prison. It defeats the purpose if in the process of destroying the dirt you end up maiming someone. Then you'll get busted for mayhem and bombs instead of the hacking or whatever it was that got their attention in the first place.
You want the safe to look like it's just your average joe blow wal-mart $200 sentry safe. This way the pigs think it's easy prey and take a sledge hammer and pry bar to it, not realising that it's a lot more difficult than that.
RTPB#51. Police operate by knowing the pattern of criminal behavior. If you don't fit the pattern, you are that
much harder to catch.
In this case, since SD safes aren't something police have seen, they're not thinking "We'd better analyze this safe before we try to force it open, it may be rigged to self-desruct." They'll think it's just the typical cheapo safe and end up destroying the very thing they're looking for.
Agent Blak
Frequent Poster
Posts: 765
From: Sk. Canada
Registered: SEP 2000
posted March 06, 2001 12:42 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would still shield the conents with lead in case they try to fry the electronics or X-ray it. mind you the Mrays would destroys discs anyway.
NBK;
Thanx My boss told me that. I mean it in a different sense than he did. He also told me about the 4Fs...Find'em, Feel'em, Fuck'em, Forget'em.
------------------
A wise man once said:
"...I Am Not Much of a Dancer But,
Just Wait Till The Fucking Begins"
Agent Blak-------OUT!!