megalomania
June 8th, 2003, 12:48 PM
shady mutha
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-20-2001 08:52 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plastic explosives,such as dynamites,are explosives rich in a liquid constituent, e.g nitroglycerine,usually with dissolved high viscosity polymers.Guhr dynamite(no more in use)composed of 75% nitroglycerine and 25% kieselguhr,the first explosive to have plastic consistency,owed this property to the high proportion of liquid it contained.
Blasting gelatine is a plastic explosive consisting of 92-94% nitroglycerine and 6-8% collodion cotton(of high viscosity).Blasting gelitine is markedly elastic.It loses its elasticity,becoming plastic,only on heating to a temperature of 40.c or higher,depending on the type and amount of collodion cotton present.Recently a new kind of dynamite was developed in the U.S.S.R.Its plasticity was achievid by dissoving methl polymethacrylate in nitroglycerine,in the proportions of twenty to forty parts nitroglycerine to one part of the polymer.
Blasting gelatine and dynamites are now used only for civil puposes.Originally,they were suggested as military explosives,particularly for filling shells with a low muzzle velocity,until it was shown that fillings made with nitroglycerine explosives may cause premature explosions inside the barrel.
The Russian air force used bombs filled with a material resembling blasting gelatine during World War 1.
Dynamites were retained for military purposes for some time for use in demolition charges.The disadvantage of these explosives lies in their limited chemical stabilty.Ultimately,therfore they were replaced by explosives that remain unchanged during storage(aromic nitro compounds such as TNT,picric acid,andmore recently TNT with cyclonite otPETN).
The platicity in an explosive can be put to practical use,e.g for demolition purposes.Thus,to sever an iron bar or to blow up a wall or a rock the easiest way is to use a plastic explosive,moulded to fit the shape of the object to be destroyed.Since blasting gelatine is not entirely safe to handle,being elastic,i.e. difficult to shape as required,attention was directed to the development of plastic materials based on other consistuents.Thus,mixtures comprising a solution of collodion cotton in liquid aromatic compounds as plasicizers were suggested.Such were Plastrotyl,recommended by Bichel with a composition:
86% of TNT
10% of liquid DNT(m.p 20-25.c)
0.3% of collodion cotton
3.7% of turpentine
and the Swedish perchlorate plastic explosive Territ suggested by Nauckhoff
43% of ammonium perchlorate
28% of sodium nitrate
27.8% of TNT and DNT
1.2% of collodion cotton
According to Kast the explosive propertys of Territ are
Density 1.67(max2.15)
rate of detonation 4700m/sec
lead block explansion 340cm3
sensitive to impact(2kg)20cm
Plasrotyl and Territ were rather difficult to detonate chiefly due to their great density.To make these mixtures detonate more readily,nitroglycerine was added but this increased thier sensitiveness to impact.
In 1929,Stettbacher suggested the use of a mixture of PETN with nitroglycerine,under the name of Penthrinite.Such a mixture may be plastic provided siutable amounts of nitroglycerine and PETN with crystals of a proper size are used and both constituents ane thoroughly mixed.Stettbacher recommended a composition ranging with the limits:
10-70% of PETN
90-30% of niroglycerine
If a mixture rich in nitroglycerine is employed it may be converted into a plastic one by the addition of collodion cotton.
In his later work Stettbacher developed the idea of using penthrinites as substitutes for dynamite,with the following comosition:
50% of PETN
46% of nitroglycerine
4% of collodion
Plastic explosives with cyclonite as the chief constituent were used extensively durind World War 2.Cyclonite is preferable as it detonates easily even when strongly phlegmatized(desensitized to impact)and its rate of detonation is very high.Originally a mixture of 88% cyclonite with 12% lubricating oil was employed.This mass however was not sufficiently plastic and lost its plasticity readily by exuding the oil at a high temperature.It was therfore replaced by a mixture named Compsition C-3 of 77% cyclonite and 23% gel made out of liquid niro compounds(e.g.liquid DNT)and nitrocellulose or of butyl phthalate and nirocellulose.
The composition C-3 was later inproved and designated Compostion C-4,It contains:
91.0% of cyclonite
2.1% of poltisobutylene
1.6% of motor oil
5.3% of di-(2-ethylhexl)sebacate
It is less volatile than C-3 and has less tentancy to harden at a low temperature.It has a density of 1.59,does not become hard even at -55.c(-70.f),and does not exude at +77.c(170.f)
The German plastic material Hexoplast 75 was composed of:
75% of cyclonite
3.6-3.8% of TN
20% of DNT(liquid)
1.2-1.4 of nitrocellulose
The frezing point of a TNT and DNT mixture was-20.c.The ingredients were mixed in a Werner-Pfliderer kneader at 90.c,the cyclonite with the nitrocellulose being added firdt and nito compounds added after thorough mixing.this prevented the formation of lumps of swollen nitrocellulose.
5
sadsakjoel
Frequent Poster
Posts: 170
From:
Registered: OCT 2000
posted 02-21-2001 05:15 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I think it is great what you're doing. It will help newbies to not ask stupid questions and bring some more information into the forum. Good work
------------------
All there is to fear is your own co-ordination
simply RED
Frequent Poster
Posts: 240
From: HELL
Registered: OCT 2000
posted 02-21-2001 06:00 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You have A GREAT SOURCE OF INFO! 10x posting these!!!The PETN and RDX were super interesting to me. It will be GOOD to post the whole book...
Bitter
Frequent Poster
Posts: 290
From: 11 Downing Street, London, England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-21-2001 09:40 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Great information indeed. Especially the exotic PE compositions.
Speaking of PIB, I still haven't found the stuff. All we seem to have in diy stores is sulphate and silicone crap. No butyl rubber there i'm afraid...I'm sure all UK residents are suffering from lack of this chemical too.
(But if anyone knows a source or brand name then I would appreciate an email or better still, share it with the forum.)
shady mutha
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-22-2001 12:48 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A considerable number of explosives are composed of cyclonite and HMX and non-explosive plastic(usually thermoplastic)polymers.Some recent composions:
cyclonite/polyamide resin 90/10 density 1,79 rate of detonation 8390m/sec
HMX/DNPAF/polyurethane(DNPAF is acetyl-formyl-2,2-dinitropropanol) density 1,84 rate of detonation 8830m/sec
HMX/teflon 90/10 density 1,86 rate of detonation 8640
HMX/polyethylene 92/8 dencity 1,72 rate of detonation 8630m/sec
American plastic explosive;clclonite/polyisobutylene/2-ethylhexyl sebacate/mineral oil in peoportions 91/9.1/5.3/1.6 does not lose its platicity ay -54.c and retains its shape at +75.c
British"flexible"explosive sx-2:cyclonite/polyisobutylene/teflon in proportions 88/10.5/1.5 retains its plasticity at -58.c
Microtek
Frequent Poster
Posts: 205
From:
Registered: JAN 2001
posted 02-22-2001 03:45 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have found that nitromethane mixes homogenously with nitroglycerine, and using various ratios you can achieve a variety of properties in a NG/NM-collodion with nitrocellulose.
At present, I am testing the following composition: 3 mL NG, 2 mL NM, 0.6 gram NC.
This will make a tough gel with somewhat elastic tendencies, but with an added, finely powdered constituent, you achieve an easily mouldable plastique with modest stickyness. The sensitivity of this plastique is adjustable within a great range by the use of more or less sensitive crystalline additives. If HMTD is used the explosive is senstive to a determined blow with a hammer, but if AN is used the plastique is not relibly detonated with a 3 mm diameter coloumn of nitromannite pressed at 5000 psi.
The power of this plastique is quite extraordinary and can be tailored to the task by varying the ratios of NG and NM; more NG will give a greater brisance while more NM will give less sensitivity and better earth-moving properties.
It is my opinion that the NM may tend to make the NG less likely to undergo LVD because NM itself is highly resistant to this form of detonation. As the NM would go at 6300 m/s, I think the NG would be incited to go at the higher rate of detonation.
Bitter
Frequent Poster
Posts: 290
From: 11 Downing Street, London, England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-22-2001 03:09 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here's a few more :
'PB-RDX' :
RDX,Polystyrene,Dioctylphtalate = 90,8.5,1.5
'PVA-4' :
RDX,Polyvinylacetate,Dibutylphtalate = 90,8,2
CodeMason
Frequent Poster
Posts: 383
From: Your Nightmares
Registered: NOV 2000
posted 05-12-2001 03:02 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A form of polyisobutylene is used to make the inner tubing of car tires.
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-20-2001 08:52 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plastic explosives,such as dynamites,are explosives rich in a liquid constituent, e.g nitroglycerine,usually with dissolved high viscosity polymers.Guhr dynamite(no more in use)composed of 75% nitroglycerine and 25% kieselguhr,the first explosive to have plastic consistency,owed this property to the high proportion of liquid it contained.
Blasting gelatine is a plastic explosive consisting of 92-94% nitroglycerine and 6-8% collodion cotton(of high viscosity).Blasting gelitine is markedly elastic.It loses its elasticity,becoming plastic,only on heating to a temperature of 40.c or higher,depending on the type and amount of collodion cotton present.Recently a new kind of dynamite was developed in the U.S.S.R.Its plasticity was achievid by dissoving methl polymethacrylate in nitroglycerine,in the proportions of twenty to forty parts nitroglycerine to one part of the polymer.
Blasting gelatine and dynamites are now used only for civil puposes.Originally,they were suggested as military explosives,particularly for filling shells with a low muzzle velocity,until it was shown that fillings made with nitroglycerine explosives may cause premature explosions inside the barrel.
The Russian air force used bombs filled with a material resembling blasting gelatine during World War 1.
Dynamites were retained for military purposes for some time for use in demolition charges.The disadvantage of these explosives lies in their limited chemical stabilty.Ultimately,therfore they were replaced by explosives that remain unchanged during storage(aromic nitro compounds such as TNT,picric acid,andmore recently TNT with cyclonite otPETN).
The platicity in an explosive can be put to practical use,e.g for demolition purposes.Thus,to sever an iron bar or to blow up a wall or a rock the easiest way is to use a plastic explosive,moulded to fit the shape of the object to be destroyed.Since blasting gelatine is not entirely safe to handle,being elastic,i.e. difficult to shape as required,attention was directed to the development of plastic materials based on other consistuents.Thus,mixtures comprising a solution of collodion cotton in liquid aromatic compounds as plasicizers were suggested.Such were Plastrotyl,recommended by Bichel with a composition:
86% of TNT
10% of liquid DNT(m.p 20-25.c)
0.3% of collodion cotton
3.7% of turpentine
and the Swedish perchlorate plastic explosive Territ suggested by Nauckhoff
43% of ammonium perchlorate
28% of sodium nitrate
27.8% of TNT and DNT
1.2% of collodion cotton
According to Kast the explosive propertys of Territ are
Density 1.67(max2.15)
rate of detonation 4700m/sec
lead block explansion 340cm3
sensitive to impact(2kg)20cm
Plasrotyl and Territ were rather difficult to detonate chiefly due to their great density.To make these mixtures detonate more readily,nitroglycerine was added but this increased thier sensitiveness to impact.
In 1929,Stettbacher suggested the use of a mixture of PETN with nitroglycerine,under the name of Penthrinite.Such a mixture may be plastic provided siutable amounts of nitroglycerine and PETN with crystals of a proper size are used and both constituents ane thoroughly mixed.Stettbacher recommended a composition ranging with the limits:
10-70% of PETN
90-30% of niroglycerine
If a mixture rich in nitroglycerine is employed it may be converted into a plastic one by the addition of collodion cotton.
In his later work Stettbacher developed the idea of using penthrinites as substitutes for dynamite,with the following comosition:
50% of PETN
46% of nitroglycerine
4% of collodion
Plastic explosives with cyclonite as the chief constituent were used extensively durind World War 2.Cyclonite is preferable as it detonates easily even when strongly phlegmatized(desensitized to impact)and its rate of detonation is very high.Originally a mixture of 88% cyclonite with 12% lubricating oil was employed.This mass however was not sufficiently plastic and lost its plasticity readily by exuding the oil at a high temperature.It was therfore replaced by a mixture named Compsition C-3 of 77% cyclonite and 23% gel made out of liquid niro compounds(e.g.liquid DNT)and nitrocellulose or of butyl phthalate and nirocellulose.
The composition C-3 was later inproved and designated Compostion C-4,It contains:
91.0% of cyclonite
2.1% of poltisobutylene
1.6% of motor oil
5.3% of di-(2-ethylhexl)sebacate
It is less volatile than C-3 and has less tentancy to harden at a low temperature.It has a density of 1.59,does not become hard even at -55.c(-70.f),and does not exude at +77.c(170.f)
The German plastic material Hexoplast 75 was composed of:
75% of cyclonite
3.6-3.8% of TN
20% of DNT(liquid)
1.2-1.4 of nitrocellulose
The frezing point of a TNT and DNT mixture was-20.c.The ingredients were mixed in a Werner-Pfliderer kneader at 90.c,the cyclonite with the nitrocellulose being added firdt and nito compounds added after thorough mixing.this prevented the formation of lumps of swollen nitrocellulose.
5
sadsakjoel
Frequent Poster
Posts: 170
From:
Registered: OCT 2000
posted 02-21-2001 05:15 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I think it is great what you're doing. It will help newbies to not ask stupid questions and bring some more information into the forum. Good work
------------------
All there is to fear is your own co-ordination
simply RED
Frequent Poster
Posts: 240
From: HELL
Registered: OCT 2000
posted 02-21-2001 06:00 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You have A GREAT SOURCE OF INFO! 10x posting these!!!The PETN and RDX were super interesting to me. It will be GOOD to post the whole book...
Bitter
Frequent Poster
Posts: 290
From: 11 Downing Street, London, England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-21-2001 09:40 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Great information indeed. Especially the exotic PE compositions.
Speaking of PIB, I still haven't found the stuff. All we seem to have in diy stores is sulphate and silicone crap. No butyl rubber there i'm afraid...I'm sure all UK residents are suffering from lack of this chemical too.
(But if anyone knows a source or brand name then I would appreciate an email or better still, share it with the forum.)
shady mutha
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-22-2001 12:48 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A considerable number of explosives are composed of cyclonite and HMX and non-explosive plastic(usually thermoplastic)polymers.Some recent composions:
cyclonite/polyamide resin 90/10 density 1,79 rate of detonation 8390m/sec
HMX/DNPAF/polyurethane(DNPAF is acetyl-formyl-2,2-dinitropropanol) density 1,84 rate of detonation 8830m/sec
HMX/teflon 90/10 density 1,86 rate of detonation 8640
HMX/polyethylene 92/8 dencity 1,72 rate of detonation 8630m/sec
American plastic explosive;clclonite/polyisobutylene/2-ethylhexyl sebacate/mineral oil in peoportions 91/9.1/5.3/1.6 does not lose its platicity ay -54.c and retains its shape at +75.c
British"flexible"explosive sx-2:cyclonite/polyisobutylene/teflon in proportions 88/10.5/1.5 retains its plasticity at -58.c
Microtek
Frequent Poster
Posts: 205
From:
Registered: JAN 2001
posted 02-22-2001 03:45 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have found that nitromethane mixes homogenously with nitroglycerine, and using various ratios you can achieve a variety of properties in a NG/NM-collodion with nitrocellulose.
At present, I am testing the following composition: 3 mL NG, 2 mL NM, 0.6 gram NC.
This will make a tough gel with somewhat elastic tendencies, but with an added, finely powdered constituent, you achieve an easily mouldable plastique with modest stickyness. The sensitivity of this plastique is adjustable within a great range by the use of more or less sensitive crystalline additives. If HMTD is used the explosive is senstive to a determined blow with a hammer, but if AN is used the plastique is not relibly detonated with a 3 mm diameter coloumn of nitromannite pressed at 5000 psi.
The power of this plastique is quite extraordinary and can be tailored to the task by varying the ratios of NG and NM; more NG will give a greater brisance while more NM will give less sensitivity and better earth-moving properties.
It is my opinion that the NM may tend to make the NG less likely to undergo LVD because NM itself is highly resistant to this form of detonation. As the NM would go at 6300 m/s, I think the NG would be incited to go at the higher rate of detonation.
Bitter
Frequent Poster
Posts: 290
From: 11 Downing Street, London, England
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-22-2001 03:09 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here's a few more :
'PB-RDX' :
RDX,Polystyrene,Dioctylphtalate = 90,8.5,1.5
'PVA-4' :
RDX,Polyvinylacetate,Dibutylphtalate = 90,8,2
CodeMason
Frequent Poster
Posts: 383
From: Your Nightmares
Registered: NOV 2000
posted 05-12-2001 03:02 AM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A form of polyisobutylene is used to make the inner tubing of car tires.