megalomania
June 21st, 2003, 11:19 AM
shady mutha
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-25-2001 06:22 PM
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As early as 1818 Berthollet suggested the replacement of potassium nitrate in blackpowder by potassium chlorate,which he had prepared for the first time in 1786.Thus "white powder",which is a mixture of potassium chorate with suger,was evolved.However,this mixture proved to be particularly sensitive to friction and impact,hence its preparation and use extremely dangerous.Further experiments showed that pure potassium chlorate has no explosive properties but when used in admixture with combustibles such as suger,starch or aluminium it gives rise to an explosive highly sensitive to mechanicle action,especially to friction.
The addition to potassium chlorate of vegetable oils,fats or minerals oils which aromatic nitro compounds are dissolved,as recommended by Street,proved to be a milestone in the development of chlorate explosives.Thw application of an admixture of caster oil was particularly useful.The presence of oils and fats in the explosives reduced their sensitiveness to friction and impact,and the oily ingredient conferred a slighyly plastic consistency.
As was to be expected,mixtures with nitrobenzene are the most powerful and the most readily detonated.Mixtures with kerosene or vaseline are of equal strengh,those with a small kerosene content(2-4%) detonate more easily than those containing the same amount of vaseline while mixtures which contain a larger amount of kerosene or vaseline(8-10%) detonate with more or less equal ease.Mixtures with paraffin oil lie close to those with kerosene while mixtures with paraffin are similar to those with vaseline
Potassium chlorate can be replaced by sodium chlorate which is cheaper and more widely availible although being somewhat hygroscopic it is much less frequently used as a consitituent of explosives
Explosives of this type were manufactured at Chedde in France,whence they derived their name Cheddite.They were recomended originally for use in mines,but were gradually withdrawn as unsafe to use in the presence of methane and coal dust.
For military purposes Cheddites were produced with the following compositions:
Explosif O No 1 Type 41
Potassium chlorate 80% nitronapthalene 12% caster oil 8%
Explosif O NO 1 Type 60
Potassium chlorate 80% dinitrotoluene 2% nitronapthalene 13% caster oil 5%
Explosif O No2 modifie
79% pottasium nitrate 15% dinitrotoluene 1%nitronapthalene 5% caster oil
Type O NO 6B
90% potassium chlorate 3%vaseline 7% parafin
Explosif S
Sodium chlorate 90% vaseline 3% paraffin 7%
The first three types of cheddites were used in France for filling hand grenades and shells with low muzzle velocity and for manufacturing demolition charges during World War 1.When there was a shortage of nitro componds in France,Cheddite type O NO 6B was employed as a substitute for the first two.
Kast gives the following figures as characteristic of Cheddite type O No2,monifie:
Apparent density 1.15
Heat of explosion 1185 kcal/kg
Gas volume 337.1/kg
Temperature of explosion ca.4500.c
Specific pressure 6090 m
Rate of detonation(at density of 1.3) 3000m/sec(at density of 1.5) 4000m/sec
Lead block expansion 255cm3
Sensitive to impact(2 kg) 30cm.
Frequent Poster
Posts: 149
From: australia
Registered: SEP 2000
posted 02-25-2001 06:22 PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As early as 1818 Berthollet suggested the replacement of potassium nitrate in blackpowder by potassium chlorate,which he had prepared for the first time in 1786.Thus "white powder",which is a mixture of potassium chorate with suger,was evolved.However,this mixture proved to be particularly sensitive to friction and impact,hence its preparation and use extremely dangerous.Further experiments showed that pure potassium chlorate has no explosive properties but when used in admixture with combustibles such as suger,starch or aluminium it gives rise to an explosive highly sensitive to mechanicle action,especially to friction.
The addition to potassium chlorate of vegetable oils,fats or minerals oils which aromatic nitro compounds are dissolved,as recommended by Street,proved to be a milestone in the development of chlorate explosives.Thw application of an admixture of caster oil was particularly useful.The presence of oils and fats in the explosives reduced their sensitiveness to friction and impact,and the oily ingredient conferred a slighyly plastic consistency.
As was to be expected,mixtures with nitrobenzene are the most powerful and the most readily detonated.Mixtures with kerosene or vaseline are of equal strengh,those with a small kerosene content(2-4%) detonate more easily than those containing the same amount of vaseline while mixtures which contain a larger amount of kerosene or vaseline(8-10%) detonate with more or less equal ease.Mixtures with paraffin oil lie close to those with kerosene while mixtures with paraffin are similar to those with vaseline
Potassium chlorate can be replaced by sodium chlorate which is cheaper and more widely availible although being somewhat hygroscopic it is much less frequently used as a consitituent of explosives
Explosives of this type were manufactured at Chedde in France,whence they derived their name Cheddite.They were recomended originally for use in mines,but were gradually withdrawn as unsafe to use in the presence of methane and coal dust.
For military purposes Cheddites were produced with the following compositions:
Explosif O No 1 Type 41
Potassium chlorate 80% nitronapthalene 12% caster oil 8%
Explosif O NO 1 Type 60
Potassium chlorate 80% dinitrotoluene 2% nitronapthalene 13% caster oil 5%
Explosif O No2 modifie
79% pottasium nitrate 15% dinitrotoluene 1%nitronapthalene 5% caster oil
Type O NO 6B
90% potassium chlorate 3%vaseline 7% parafin
Explosif S
Sodium chlorate 90% vaseline 3% paraffin 7%
The first three types of cheddites were used in France for filling hand grenades and shells with low muzzle velocity and for manufacturing demolition charges during World War 1.When there was a shortage of nitro componds in France,Cheddite type O NO 6B was employed as a substitute for the first two.
Kast gives the following figures as characteristic of Cheddite type O No2,monifie:
Apparent density 1.15
Heat of explosion 1185 kcal/kg
Gas volume 337.1/kg
Temperature of explosion ca.4500.c
Specific pressure 6090 m
Rate of detonation(at density of 1.3) 3000m/sec(at density of 1.5) 4000m/sec
Lead block expansion 255cm3
Sensitive to impact(2 kg) 30cm.