hatal
August 17th, 2007, 03:00 PM
The tropane alkaloids are commonly found in plants of three families, the Solanaceae, Erythroxylaceae, and Convolvulaceae families. Having several legitimate medicinal uses, we are interested in their well-known toxic properties (the illegitimate uses). Plants in the Solanaceae (potato family) have the highest and most potent tropane alkaloids avaible for extraction.
Alkaloids derived from these plants, are very toxic, some of them can only be used for a minute dose for medical purposes.
Atropine is used as a sulfate salt. (Used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupils for examination) A. belladonna berry extracts found use as a CNS stimulant and is useful in treating poisoning cases, particularly anticholinesterase poisoning induced by organophosphorous insecticides and nerve gas and poisoning induced by the toxic principles of the mushroom Amanita muscaria. Nontheless, highly poisonous. Its poisoning set of symptoms is known as anticholinergic toxidrome, typical for other drugs with anticholinergic effects.
(blurred vision, choreoathetosis, coma, delirium, fever, flushing, hallucinations, ileus, memory loss, mydriasis, myoclonus, psychosis, seizures,etc.)
Hyoscyamine (also be extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Datura stramonium) is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders and spasms. Its side effects and overdose include eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, faintness severe headache, nausea, vomiting, CNS symptoms: disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, short-term memory loss and coma.
Scopolamine, (first isolated: Hyoscyamus muticus/Scopolia atropides) is a CNS depressant at high doses, and has been used in combination with morphine to induce "twilight sleep" before and during labor, and in smaller doses, to prevent motion sickness. The drug is highly toxic and has to be used in minute doses. Overdose causes delirium, delusions, paralysis, stupor and death. In medicine, it is usually used in the form scopolamine hydrobromide. It can be used as a depressant of the central nervous system, though it can cause excitement, restlessness, hallucinations, or delirium in the presence of pain, mydriasis (pupillary dilation), and paralysis of the eye muscles. When combined with morphine, it produces amnesia and a tranquilized state known as twilight sleep. Although originally used in obstetrics, it is now considered dangerous for that purpose. Sometimes side effects of scopolamine can be mistaken for symptoms of cancer because of the nausea and unequal size of pupils associated with brain tumors (yummy!). Scopolamine was and is used as a date rape drug and as an aid to robbery. It is preferred because it induces retrograde amnesia. Reports of techniques of administration include wafting the powder to the victim with a puff of air, drugged chewing gum, or even craftily dropping the powder into the collar of a shirt or the front of a woman's low-cut dress. So basically it easily administerable.
Plants containing tropane alkaloids:
Mandrake, Mandragora officinarum, All parts of the mandrake plant are poisonous. The plant grows natively in southern and central Europe and in lands around the Mediterranean Sea, as well as on Corsica.
Deadly nightshade, Atropa Belladonna is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and has become naturalized in parts of North America. It is not nearly as common in the wild as many field guides would suggest. In areas where it has become naturalized it can often be found in shady, moist areas with a limestone-rich soil.
Datura stramonium, a plant common to Virginia, and other Datura species are widely distributed throughout the world. These plants have a long history of being used as both sedatives and as poisons. Extracts of Datura metel, sometimes called Hindu Datura, were used as knockout drops to lure virgiins into prostitution and then by the prostitutes to sedate their clients. Also known as jimsonweed.
Historic uses and relations:
During the Roman Empire deadly nightshade has been used to murder several politician. The Roman Legion also suffered severe losses due to Datura
Cleopatra is also reputed to have tested the effects of henbane and deadly nightshade on her slaves to investigate the possibility of using these extracts to commit suicide (she found the toxic effects too painful).
CIA, during the 1950s Project MKULTRA. But due to the hallucinogenic side effects of the drug, it wasn't suitable for a truth- serum and the project was subsequently abandoned. (Nazi doctor Josef Mengele experimented on scopolamine as an interrogation drug doing the WWII.)
In the 1960’s and 1970’s, their were a number of cases of poisoning due to jimsonweed when people ingested the plant to try to induce a high similar to cocaine.
Probable uses:
Drug poisoning. Tainting/poisoning batches of drugs (for several reasons). Rumor: atropine is sometimes added to other potentially addictive drugs; abuse of those drugs is then prevented by the "unpleasant" effects of atropine overdose.
Painfull and deadly poisoning. Tropane overdose can produce a very painfull death.
Incapacitating agent. Scolopamine and its derivates can be used very effectively as an incapacitating agent. A handy, but powerfull dispenser full of it (plus the necessary additives) will surely make the enemys time an unpleasant one (leaving him defenceless).
Infanticide. May this doesn't sound as much but...Datura species where used in Latin-America as a natural agent of infanticide. Combining this idea with the first one and you have a easy to get rid of your junkies and their brood...
Scopolamine is already used in various drugs and ways. As a rape drug, robbery, etc. Its properties to induce a hypnotic state, twilight-sleep, causes retrograde amnesia. Speaks for itself.
Related links and sources:
(Im for easy extraction but here are some patents for synthesis, maybe they can be usefull)
Tropane-derivatives, their preparation and use - US Patent 6395748
2 step process for preparing biologically active tropane derivatives and starting material - US Patent 5342949
Tropane analogs - US Patent 6982271
Alkaloids derived from these plants, are very toxic, some of them can only be used for a minute dose for medical purposes.
Atropine is used as a sulfate salt. (Used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupils for examination) A. belladonna berry extracts found use as a CNS stimulant and is useful in treating poisoning cases, particularly anticholinesterase poisoning induced by organophosphorous insecticides and nerve gas and poisoning induced by the toxic principles of the mushroom Amanita muscaria. Nontheless, highly poisonous. Its poisoning set of symptoms is known as anticholinergic toxidrome, typical for other drugs with anticholinergic effects.
(blurred vision, choreoathetosis, coma, delirium, fever, flushing, hallucinations, ileus, memory loss, mydriasis, myoclonus, psychosis, seizures,etc.)
Hyoscyamine (also be extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Datura stramonium) is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders and spasms. Its side effects and overdose include eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, faintness severe headache, nausea, vomiting, CNS symptoms: disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, short-term memory loss and coma.
Scopolamine, (first isolated: Hyoscyamus muticus/Scopolia atropides) is a CNS depressant at high doses, and has been used in combination with morphine to induce "twilight sleep" before and during labor, and in smaller doses, to prevent motion sickness. The drug is highly toxic and has to be used in minute doses. Overdose causes delirium, delusions, paralysis, stupor and death. In medicine, it is usually used in the form scopolamine hydrobromide. It can be used as a depressant of the central nervous system, though it can cause excitement, restlessness, hallucinations, or delirium in the presence of pain, mydriasis (pupillary dilation), and paralysis of the eye muscles. When combined with morphine, it produces amnesia and a tranquilized state known as twilight sleep. Although originally used in obstetrics, it is now considered dangerous for that purpose. Sometimes side effects of scopolamine can be mistaken for symptoms of cancer because of the nausea and unequal size of pupils associated with brain tumors (yummy!). Scopolamine was and is used as a date rape drug and as an aid to robbery. It is preferred because it induces retrograde amnesia. Reports of techniques of administration include wafting the powder to the victim with a puff of air, drugged chewing gum, or even craftily dropping the powder into the collar of a shirt or the front of a woman's low-cut dress. So basically it easily administerable.
Plants containing tropane alkaloids:
Mandrake, Mandragora officinarum, All parts of the mandrake plant are poisonous. The plant grows natively in southern and central Europe and in lands around the Mediterranean Sea, as well as on Corsica.
Deadly nightshade, Atropa Belladonna is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and has become naturalized in parts of North America. It is not nearly as common in the wild as many field guides would suggest. In areas where it has become naturalized it can often be found in shady, moist areas with a limestone-rich soil.
Datura stramonium, a plant common to Virginia, and other Datura species are widely distributed throughout the world. These plants have a long history of being used as both sedatives and as poisons. Extracts of Datura metel, sometimes called Hindu Datura, were used as knockout drops to lure virgiins into prostitution and then by the prostitutes to sedate their clients. Also known as jimsonweed.
Historic uses and relations:
During the Roman Empire deadly nightshade has been used to murder several politician. The Roman Legion also suffered severe losses due to Datura
Cleopatra is also reputed to have tested the effects of henbane and deadly nightshade on her slaves to investigate the possibility of using these extracts to commit suicide (she found the toxic effects too painful).
CIA, during the 1950s Project MKULTRA. But due to the hallucinogenic side effects of the drug, it wasn't suitable for a truth- serum and the project was subsequently abandoned. (Nazi doctor Josef Mengele experimented on scopolamine as an interrogation drug doing the WWII.)
In the 1960’s and 1970’s, their were a number of cases of poisoning due to jimsonweed when people ingested the plant to try to induce a high similar to cocaine.
Probable uses:
Drug poisoning. Tainting/poisoning batches of drugs (for several reasons). Rumor: atropine is sometimes added to other potentially addictive drugs; abuse of those drugs is then prevented by the "unpleasant" effects of atropine overdose.
Painfull and deadly poisoning. Tropane overdose can produce a very painfull death.
Incapacitating agent. Scolopamine and its derivates can be used very effectively as an incapacitating agent. A handy, but powerfull dispenser full of it (plus the necessary additives) will surely make the enemys time an unpleasant one (leaving him defenceless).
Infanticide. May this doesn't sound as much but...Datura species where used in Latin-America as a natural agent of infanticide. Combining this idea with the first one and you have a easy to get rid of your junkies and their brood...
Scopolamine is already used in various drugs and ways. As a rape drug, robbery, etc. Its properties to induce a hypnotic state, twilight-sleep, causes retrograde amnesia. Speaks for itself.
Related links and sources:
(Im for easy extraction but here are some patents for synthesis, maybe they can be usefull)
Tropane-derivatives, their preparation and use - US Patent 6395748
2 step process for preparing biologically active tropane derivatives and starting material - US Patent 5342949
Tropane analogs - US Patent 6982271