Author Topic: Ye olde Benzedrine  (Read 7298 times)

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Rhodium

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Ye olde Benzedrine
« on: January 27, 2003, 06:15:00 PM »
dl-beta-Phenylisopropylamine and Related Compounds
By Donald Holroyde Hey, J. Chem. Soc. 18 (1930)

beta-Phenylisopropylamine has been obtained by Edeleano (Ber, 1887, 20, 618) by the action of bromine and aqueous potash on phenylisobutyramide and its chloroplatinate also is described.

The hydrochloride of the d-form was obtained by Jones and Wallis (J, Amer, Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 180) by the hydrolysis of d-alpha-benzylethylcarbimide with concentrated hydrochloric acid, In the present investigation the racemic base was readily obtained by the reduction of benzyl methyl ketoxime by means of sodium amalgam in dilute acetic acid solution. Benzyl methyl ketoxime, previously described as a thick oil by Dollfus (Ber., 1892, 25, 1918; 1893, 26, 1971), has now been obtained in a crystalline form, melting at 70°C. The acetyl derivative (I) of the base, on treatment with phosphoric oxide in boiling toluene (compare Pietet and Kay, Ber., 1909, 42, 1973), gave 1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (II), which was isolated in the form of its picrate.

The reduction of isonitrosopropiophenone under various conditions gives rise to a variety of products, generally in poor yield (Gudeman, Ber., 1889, 22,562 : Behr-Bregowski, Ber., 1897, 30, 1521; Gabriel, Ber., 1908. 41, 1127; Rabe, Ber., 1912, 45, 2166; Calliess, Arch, Pharm., 1912, 250, 141), but the only instance of its direct reduction to dl-beta-hydroxy-beta-phenylisopropylamine (norephedrine), OH-CHPh-CHMe-NH2 (compare the reduction of benzil monoxime to beta-hydroxy-alpha,beta-diphenylethylamine ; Polonowska, Ber, 1888, 21, 488), has been reported by Rabe, who obtained the base in small yield by using colloidal palladium. Since the inception of this work, however, Hartung and Munch (J. Amer, Chem, Soc,, 1929, 51, 2262) have obtained beta-hydroxy-beta-phenylisopropylamine (phenylpropanolamine) in good yield from isonitrosopropiophenone by catalytic reduction with palladised charcoal, In the present investigation, although a number of reducing agents were employed under various conditions, the desired result was not effected, since the isonitrosopropiophenone exhibited a very marked stability [compare the relatively facile reduction of benzyl methyl ketoxime (see experimental part) and of propiophenone oxime (Billon, Compt, rend., 1926, 182, 470)], and much of it was recovered unchanged, The great stability of this oximino-ketone has been the subject of comment by Coles, Manske, and Johnson (J, Amer. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 2269),

Melting points of isonitrosopropiophenone varying from 108°C to 115°C are recorded in Beilstein's "Handbuch der organischen Chemie". The specimen prepared by Hartung and Munch (loc, cit.) and crystallised from toluene, melted at 106-106,5°C, whereas the preparation used in this investigation was crystallised from water, melted at 114.5°C, and gave rise to metallic complex formation with iron, cobalt, and copper (compare alpha- and beta-benzil monoximes, Tschugaev, Z. anorg. Chem., 1905, 46, 148: Taylor and Ewbank, J,, 1926, 2818; Pfeiffer and Richarz, Ber., 1928, 61, 103).

Experimental

Benzyl Methyl Ketoxime

Solutions of 18 g. of benzyl methyl ketone in 40 mL of alcohol and of 10 g. of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 20 mL. of water were mixed and, after addition of 6 g. of sodium hydroxide in the minimum quantity of water, heated on a boiling water-bath for 1.5-2 hours. The solution was then diluted considerably, acidified, and extracted with ether. After being washed with a concentrated solution of calcium chloride and dried, the ether was evaporated ; the residual thick red oil, which solidified, after several recrystallisations from light petroleum (bp 60-80°), gave the oxime in white prismatic crystals, mp 70°C.

Reduction of Benzyl Methyl Ketoxime

To a well-stirred solution of 10 g. of benzyl methyl ketoxime in glacial acetic acid, diluted with water, 300 g. of 3% sodium amalgam were gradually added. After 6 hours the solution was made alkaline and extracted with ether and the base was extracted from the ethereal solution with dilute hydrochloric acid ; or alternatively the alkaline solution was steam-distilled, the base being collected in dilute hydrochloric acid. The freebase, liberated by the addition of alkali, was extracted with ether and dried over solid caustic potash. Evaporation of the ether left a yellowish oil with an ammoniacal odour, which on distillation gave pure dl-alpha-phenylisopropylamine as a colourless oil, bp 205°C (Edeleano, loc. cit., recorded 203°C). The base readily combines with carbon dioxide.

The acetyl derivative, formed in the usual manner, crystallised from aqueous alcohol in fine white needles. These melted initially at 64°C, but at 93°C after being kept for some time in a vacuum. The picrate, prepared from picric acid and the base in concentrated solution and recrystallised from alcohol, gave yellow transparent prisms, containing one molecule of alcohol, which melted at 143°C The hydrochloride, prepared from hydrogen chloride and the base in dry ether, was rapidly collected, washed with pure dry ether, and transferred to a desiccator evacuated over solid caustic potash. It is extremely hygroscopic and melts at 145-147°C.

Action of Phosphoric Oxide on Aceto-dl-alpha-phenylisopropylamide

A solution of 2 g. of the acetyl compound in toluene was boiled for 3 hours with 4 g. of phosphoric oxide (compare Pietet and Kay, loc. cit.). The solution was then made alkaline, the base extracted with ether, the toluene and ether evaporated, and the small residue of oil converted into picrate in concentrated alcoholic solution. recrystallisation from alcohol gave 1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline picrate in yellow fern-like crystals, mp 136°C. isonitrosopropiophenone. This was prepared from propiophenone and amyl nitrite by Claisen and Manasse's method (Ber., 1889, 22, 529) ; it crystallised from water in fine needles, mp 114.5°C.

Rhodium

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L. Edeleano - The Discovery of Amphetamine
« Reply #1 on: April 29, 2004, 05:43:00 AM »
Ueber einige Derivate der Phenylmethacrylsäure und der Phenylisobuttersäure
L. Edeleano

Chem. Ber. 20, 616-622 (1887)

(https://www.thevespiary.org/rhodium/Rhodium/pdf/amphetamine.edeleano1887.pdf)