Author Topic: Acetone + Benzene -> P2P  (Read 5060 times)

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Rhodium

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Acetone + Benzene -> P2P
« on: November 26, 2002, 10:54:00 AM »
Check out

https://www.thevespiary.org/rhodium/Rhodium/pdf/archive/alpha-arylation.html



It is a review article about alpha-arylation of ketones, in other words methods which can be used to attach acetone to a benzene ring, forming phenylacetone (P2P). I don't have the time to chase all those references, but somebody else may be interested in doing that some rainy day?

slappy

  • Guest
P2P's by Pd-catalyzed arylation of acetoacetates
« Reply #1 on: November 26, 2002, 10:49:00 PM »
The yields are no good. You need to use a beta-ketoester as the acetone source, then decarboxylate.

That is why I present...

Synthesis of substituted Phenylacetone derivatives via Pd-catalysed alpha-Arylation of Acetoacetate esters.

The efficent large scale synthesis of Phenylacetone and it's derivatives can be accomplished from economical precursors via a Pd-catalysed coupling reaction, and subsequent decarboxylation. First, Methyl (or Ethyl) Acetoacetate is alpha-Arylated with an Aryl Halide (Ph-Br, Ph-I, Ph-OTf), to form 1-Carbomethoxy-Phenylacetone. This ester is then decarboxylated by boiling in dilute HCl, yielding P2P. The attractivness of this route is that it starts from cheap, commodity chemicals (Bromobenzene, Ethyl Acetoacetate, and tribasic Potassium Phosphate are less than $30/kg), low catalyst loading (1-2 mol% Pd), and high efficiancy (yield 80-90%).

The mechanism involves oxidative addition of Ar-X to the Pd center to give Ln(Ar)Pd-X (where L=1 or 2),which then coordinates to the enolate (formed by the beta-Ketoester and base, like K3PO4), and eliminates a mole of KX, giving Ln(Ar)Pd-Enolate, which couples the coordinated Aryl moiety, and reductivly eliminates.

Aryl Halide (1 eq)  = R-Ph-Br, R-Ph-I, R-Ph-OTf
Alkyl Acetoacetate (1.2 eq)
Base (2 eq) = K3PO4
Pd pre-catalyst (1 mol%) = Pd(OAc)2, Pd2(dba)3
Phosphine ligand (2.2 mol%) = PPh3, PtBu3, PCy3

Sutible solvents:
THF, Toluene, Dioxane

Reaction conditions:
10-48h at 70-100°C

Ref:

Buchwald et al., "Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Formation of a-Aryl Ketones", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1360-1370
Hartwig et al., "Transition metal-catalysed process for preparing alpha-arylated carbonyl containing compounds",

Patent US6057456


java

  • Guest
Re: Acetone + Benzene -> P2P"
« Reply #2 on: September 14, 2003, 07:55:00 PM »
slappy,..have you had a chance to run this procedure , if so can you walk it through as to the arylation, is this a reflux procedure , and then the step 2 with then decarboxylated with HCl  with some boiling , how long whe will you know the process has ended....TLC?

If you can , a walk through would be appreciated......java

Note: I did get the reference reading you posted and will go through it to gain understanding


Barium

  • Guest
The decarboxylation can easily be monitored by
« Reply #3 on: September 15, 2003, 12:44:00 AM »
The decarboxylation can easily be monitored by the gas evolution. Since a excess of HCl will be present all the CO2 will be driven out of solution. If you want to be absolutely sure not to run it too long lead the CO2 through a Ca(OH)2 solution and stop the heating when no more CaCO3 precipitates.

Isn't the arylation of the ester a example of a Heck coupling?


Vitus_Verdegast

  • Guest
Heck
« Reply #4 on: September 15, 2003, 07:40:00 AM »
It looks very similar to a Heck coupling, but I haven't seen that performed with an ester before, I thought it was mainly used on alkenes.


java

  • Guest
Heck Reaction on Functional groups..
« Reply #5 on: September 16, 2003, 09:54:00 AM »
(Excerps taken from  March's 5th edition.....pg. 930 Sec. 14-9)

Arylation and Alkylation of Alkenes by Organopalladium compounds : The Heck Reaction

R2C=CH2  +"ArPdX"------>R2C=CH-Ar


"the Heck Reaction is not limited to activated substrates. The substrate can be a simple alkene , or it can contain a variety of functional groups,such as ester, ether,(348,349), carboxylic acids, phenolic or cyano groups.(350) It can also be a diene.(351) Primary and sedondary allylic alcohols (and even non -allylic unsaturated alcohols (352) ) give aldehydes or ketones that are products of double -bond migration,(353)..."


e.gCH2=CH-CH2OH-----PhPdCl------>PhCH2CH2CHO



References.

348.For a review pertaining to enol ethers, see Daves Jr.,G.D. Adv. Met.-Org. Chem., 1991,2,59
349. Larhead, M,; Hallberg, A. J.Org.Chem.,1996,61,9582
350.for a review of cases where the alkenen contains an heteroatom, see    Daves Jr., G.D.; Hallberg, A. Chem. Rev. 1989,89,1433
351.Jeffrey,T. Tetrahedron Lett., 1991,33,1989
352.Larock, R, C,; Leung, W.; Stolz-Dunn, S.Tetrahedral Lett..1989,30,6629
353.See, for example, Melpolder, J.P.;Heck, R.F.J. Org. Chem.,1976,41,265Chalk, A.J.; Magennis, S.A. J. Org. Chem., 1976,41,273,...1206





Note:... so based on the above text and example then......

CH3-CH(OH)-CH3------>PhPdCl----->PhCH2-CO-CH3

should also be possible.....java