Yes, microscope analisys is even more reliable then chem. reactions. You can microscope spores, basidium(ascus), mycelium...
And about eating, be sure NOT to eat unidentified spp. of Amanita, Clitocibe, Inocybe, Coertinarius, Gyromitria... genus. And genus, let say Pans, Marasmis, Agaricus are not so dangerous. Even if you eat "poisonous" spp. from this genuses you can not get seriously hurt.