Hi
In answer to some of your q's;
1. If you want you can run ice water through a condenser with a fish tank water pump, and a bucket of cold water with ice in it. The pump will plug into your wall outlet, and hoses running from the bucket > pump > condenser > back to the bucket will recycle that water through the condenser.
2. Sorry dunno that one ::)
3. As long as the meter will read pH then you should be ok. I bought one for $AUD100, its not specifically for pools or chemistry but it works fine.
4. I think you could use electrical tape to secure the baloon to the condenser. I dont know much about holes or ruptures...
5. Dunno that one either...
6. A/B stands for Acid/Base. It is a method of extracting goods out of a solution by using a Base (sodium hydroxide) and an Acid (e.g. Hydrochloric/Muriatic acid). Read here https://www.thevespiary.org/rhodium/Rhodium/chemistry/equipment/rextal.a-b.basics.html (https://www.thevespiary.org/rhodium/Rhodium/chemistry/equipment/rextal.a-b.basics.html)