ChemisTris found this list of abstracts for us - can anybody of you get this publication?
TI: Identification of the Potassium Salt of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB-K+)
AU: Walker-L
AD: California Department of Justice; Freedom Laboratory; 440 Airport Boulevard; Building A; Watsonville; CA 95076; USA
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (1); January; P17-21
PY: 1999
AB: During the analysis of chemicals seized from a suspected gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) laboratory, it was found that the dried sample did not have the characteristics associated with the sodium salt of GHB. Based on the suspect's confession, the sample was suspected of being the potassium salt of GHB, and it was speculated that the infrared (IR) spectrum and consistency of the drug may differ from that of the sodium salt of GHB. A method is presented for the determination of the potassium salt of GHB in unknown samples. This method involves initial colour screening tests and confirmation by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis and FTIR analysis.
TI: Possible New Pseudoephedrine Source Discovered
AU: Willers-Russo-L-J
AD: Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department; Scientific Services Bureau; 2020 West Beverly Boulevard; Los Angeles; CA 90057; USA
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 2000; V10 (2); April; P14-17
PY: 2000
AB: This paper reports a possible new source of pseudoephedrine which was discovered during the investigation of a suspected clandestine laboratory. The source was an equine product which was marketed as an antihistamine and decongestant under the name "Tri-Hist Granules." The label stated that this preparation contained 600 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 600 mg pyrilamine maleate. In order to determine whether this preparation could serve as a source of pseudoephedrine, four extraction techniques were used to extract pseudoephedrine from four one-ounce samples. The extraction methods only succeeded in extracting around one-third of the available pseudoephedrine at best, therefore the low yield and high extraction effort may not be worth the trouble to illicit manufacturers.
TI: Analogues of GHB. Part 1: Theoretical Perspective
AU: Morris-J-A
AD: MO State Highway Patrol Crime Laboratory; Troop D Satellite Laboratory; 700 E. Cherry; Springfield; MO 65806; USA
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 2000; V10 (2); April; P18-20
PY: 2000
AB: In recent years the United States has seen the rise of GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) as a drug of abuse. What can now be expected is the introduction of analogues of GHB into the circles of GHB abusers. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of GHB and discusses a number of potential GHB analogues which may be the drugs of abuse of the future.
TI: Reaction Byproducts of Common Cold Tablet Ingredients Via Hydriodic Acid/Red Phosphorus
AU: Oulton-S-R; Skinner-H-F
AD: Drug Enforcement Administration; Southwest Laboratory; National City; CA 91950; USA
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (4); October; P21-35
PY: 1999
AB: With restrictions limiting the availability of pure ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, those operating clandestine methylamphetamine (MA) laboratories in the United States are increasingly using common cold tablets which contain ephedrine or pseudoephedrine and other ingredients such as paracetamol, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, guaifenesin, and triplodine. Bearing in mind that the synthesis route of choice in these laboratories is the reduction of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine with hydriodic acid (HI) and red phosphorus (Red P), each of the common ingredients found in common cold tablets was reacted with HI and Red P to determine if byproducts were formed which could enable chemists to determine the source of the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine precursors in the illicit manufacture of methylamphetamine.
TI: The Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2). A Case Report
AU: Poortman-Van-Der-Meer-A-J
AD: Forensic Science Laboratory; Ministry of Justice; Volmerlaan 17; 2288 GD Rijswijk; The Netherlands
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (4); October; P17-20
PY: 1999
AB: The chemical analysis of several liquids and solids seized from a clandestine laboratory revealed the presence of intermediates and the final product of the synthesis of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2). The synthesis of this compound has been described by Shulgin and Shulgin, and is shown in this paper. The chemicals submitted to the laboratory and the results of the analysis agreed with the method described by Shulgin and Shulgin. This paper presents the results of the analysis carried out in this case.
TI: Clandestine Manufacture of Tetrahydrocannabinol Precursors
AU: Mitchell-W-J; Pearson-J-R; White-M-J
AD: Victoria Forensic Science Centre; Victoria Police; Forensic Drive; Victoria 3085; Australia
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (2-3); P29-38
PY: 1999
AB: During the investigation of a suspected clandestine laboratory, large quantities of chemical glassware and over one hundred unexplained chemicals were discovered. Among the chemicals were two precursors used in the manufacture of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), namely, citral and boron trifluoride, and an unknown liquid. Following chemical analysis, the liquid was found to contain, among other things, olivetol. Of the other components, two were identified as dimethylolivetol and 1-(3,5-dimethyoxyphenyl)-1-pentanone. The results indicated the possibility of this liquid being a crude reaction material from the conversion of the ketone to dimethylolivetol and then to olivetol. High purity THC may be manufactured using citral, olivetol and boron trifluoride, despite the difficulties involved in obtaining the equipment and chemicals.
TI: Impurities in Methamphetamine Manufactured from Over-The-Counter Pseudoephedrine Tablet Preparations
AU: Melgoza-L
AD: CA Dept. of Justice; Riverside Laboratory; 1500 Castellano Road; Riverside; CA 92509; USA
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (2-3); P21-28
PY: 1999
AB: In Southern California, the most popular method for the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine is the reduction of ephedrine by hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, but the ephedrine precursor has been appearing les often. Investigation of clandestine laboratory sites has revealed the presence of empty pseudoephedrine product packaging and tablets of over-the-counter pseudoephedrine preparations. Some of these products contain only pseudoephedrine, but others may contain a number of medically active constituents. Such constituents have been identified as impurities in samples of methamphetamine which have been submitted to the laboratory for analysis. This paper studies the main impurities found in methamphetamine manufactured using a number of over-the-counter pseudoephedrine preparations by the hydriodic acid and red phosphorus reduction method.
TI: DEA Publishes Special Surveillance List for Clandestine Laboratory Supplies and Chemicals
AU: Marshall-D-R
AD: None
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (2-3); P11-13
PY: 1999
AB: On the 3rd of October, 1996, the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act was signed into United States law. This Act makes it illegal for anyone to distribute a laboratory supply to anyone who uses or attempts to use, that supply for the manufacture of illicit substances or listed chemicals, with reckless disregard for the illegal uses to which such supplies will be put. Individuals found to be in violation of this Act are subject to a fine of up to $25,000, whilst businesses which violate the Act are subject to a fine of up to $250,000. The definition of a "laboratory supply" in this cases is "a listed chemical or any chemical, substance, or item on a special surveillance list published by the Attorney General, which contains chemicals, products, materials, or equipment used in the manufacture of controlled substances and listed chemicals." This paper lists the "laboratory supplies" constituting the Special Surveillance List.
TI: Laboratory Seizures
AU: Doerr-J; Schreiber-L; Laing-R; Block-R; Sorokin-V; Warburton-K; Skinner-H; Chandley-B; Ginn-B
AD: None
SO: () J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1999; V9 (2-3); P7-10
PY: 1999
AB: This paper describes a number of seizures from clandestine laboratories. Particular attention is paid to the range of precursor chemicals found and the methods used in the illicit manufacture of methylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 2C-B.
TI: New Synthetic Drugs in the European Union
AU: King-L-A; Poortman-Van-Der-Meer-A
AD: Drugs Intelligence Unit; Forensic Science Service; 109 Lambeth Road; London; SE1 7LP; UK
SO: J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1998; V8 (3); July; P13-14
PY: 1998
AB: A so-called 'Joint Action' initiative for synthetic drugs was set up by EU member countries in 1997 , dealing with synthetic drugs not under international control. Most of the new drugs are substituted phenethylamines. These new synthetic drugs, which have been reported in at least one EU member country, are listed.
TI: Designer Drugs Related to Amphetamine (1990-1996)
AU: King-L-A
AD: Drugs Intelligence Laboratory; The Forensic Science Service; Aldermaston; Berkshire; RG7 4PN; UK
SO: J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1996; V6 (3); July; P15-16
PY: 1996
AB: The aim of this short review is to consider those analogues of amphetamine found in street samples or recovered from clandestine laboratories in various countries over the past 6 years, and are for the most part not widely controlled by law. Details are given of 21 substances reported together with notes on the circumstances and likely precursors. In all cases, the named substance was either being synthesised or was the primary drug in illicit powders or tablets in such amounts that it was thought unlikely to have been merely a synthetic impurity. In addition, the synthesis of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylene-dioxyamphetamine (MMDA) using myristicin extracted from nutmeg was being attempted at a clandestine laboratory in the U.K. in 1994. Reports from Germany have described abortive attempts to manufacture 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), other 4-alkylthiophenethylamines, and 4-allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.
TI: Unusual Defense to Charge of MDMA Manufacture
AU: King-L-A; Clarke-K; Scott-R-J
AD: Drugs Intelligence Lab, FSS, Aldermaston, Reading, Berks, RG7 4PN, UK
SO: J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1995; V5(3); July; P6
PY: 1995
AB: In late 1993 in Takeley, Essex, UK, a laboratory on a light industrial estate was raided by police officers. Amongst the significant findings were sixteen 2L conical flasks with an odour of methylamine each containing a yellow liquid above a grey sludge. Subsequent analysis showed that the flasks contained, in total, an estimated 1.3kg of 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Numerous containers of acids, alkalis and solvents were found as well as hydrogen peroxide, mercuric chloride, aluminium foil, formic acid, and methylamine. Traces of safrole and isosafrole in an acetone solution were also detected. Documents recovered from the scene included articles on isosafrole and photocopies of those pages in PIHKAL [1] which relate to the synthesis of MDMA by the aluminium foil route from 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl- 2-propanone (piperonylmethylketone, PMK).
TI: Clandestine Laboratories in the UK
AU: King-L-A; Glasgow-S
AD: DIL, FSS, Aldermaston, Reading, Berks, RG7 4PN, UK
SO: J-CLANDEST-LAB-INVEST-CHEM-ASS; 1994; V4(1); January; P19-20
PY: 1994
AB: This article describes the current illicit laboratory situation in the UK. The term `illicit' is used in a restrictive sense to describe the production of controlled drugs, but clandestine laboratories producing non-controlled drugs (e.g. steroids and othe counterfeit medicines) are occasionally seen. In the UK, the unauthorised production of controlled drugs is an offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. In this legislation, `production' covers both cultivation as well as manufacture by synthesis. Only synthetic laboratories will be considered here, but laboratories engaged in growing cannabis plants by hydroponic/artificial light methods are becoming increasingly common.
