Food Additives and Contaminants
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Title: Identification and occurrence of the bioactive â-carbolines norharman and harman in coffee brews
Author(s): T. Herraiz
Source: Food Additives and Contaminants Volume: 19 Number: 8 Page: 748 -- 754
DOI: 10.1080/02652030210145892
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd
Abstract: Norharman and harman, two heterocyclic â-carboline alkaloids with biological activity, were found in brewed coffee. Identification and analysis were carried out by HPLC-MS and RP-HPLC-fluorescence, respectively. All tested samples of brewed coffee including ground coffee, decaffeinated coffee, instant coffee and espresso contained both norharman and harman in variable amounts. Norharman was the major â-carboline alkaloid in brewed coffee at levels up to 9.34 ìg g-1 in instant ground coffee compared with harman, which had levels up to 1.67 ìg g-1. The two â-carbolines appeared to be formed during roasting of the coffee beans. It is concluded that drinking coffee is a major exogenous dietary source of these bioactive â-carboline alkaloids previously reported as mild psychoactive compounds in animal studies and in vitro co-mutagens. These results support our previous conclusion that foods containing â-carbolines are an important exogenous source of these alkaloids in humans.
Reference Links: 37
http://dandini.ingentaselect.com/vl=66450295/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/linker (http://dandini.ingentaselect.com/vl=66450295/cl=15/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/linker)
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42. The inhibitory effect of norharman on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats: comparison with ibogaine. Cappendijk, S.L., Fekkes, D. and Dzoljic, M.R. Behav Brain Res 65:117-119, 1994.
Abstract: Norharman (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and ibogaine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.)-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. Several withdrawal signs, such as teeth-chattering, chewing, penile licking and diarrhoea, were decreased by both norharman and ibogaine. In addition, norharman reduced also the withdrawal grooming and rearing. It is concluded that both norharman and ibogaine are inhibitors of withdrawal syndrome in morphine- dependent rats
http://216.239.53.100/search?q=cache%3AS08q9g94-UcC%3Amir.drugtext.org/ibogaine/lit-ibogaine.html+norharman+structure&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 (http://216.239.53.100/search?q=cache%3AS08q9g94-UcC%3Amir.drugtext.org/ibogaine/lit-ibogaine.html+norharman+structure&hl=en&ie=UTF-8)