Author Topic: endophyte affected grasses achnatherum inebrians (Read 206 times)

jon · « **on:** September 28, 2010, 10:25:20 AM »

this grass contains the highest levels of ergot alkaloids hands down
approximately 3 grams of alkaloids per kilogram if you can imagine that.
http://www.jstor.org/pss/3760590

also known as stipa inebrians

something with the name "inebrians" is obviously notorious

Vesp · « **Reply #1 on:** September 28, 2010, 07:23:35 PM »

hxxp://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf950410k

So is it a fungi in the grass or the grass itself?
I only skimmed :/

overunity33 · « **Reply #2 on:** September 28, 2010, 09:19:32 PM »

I assume its a parasitic fungus because its in a mycological journal, anyone have the parasites name?

jon · « **Reply #3 on:** September 28, 2010, 10:02:18 PM »

right endophyte it's a fungus within the grass a lot of grasses have endophytes that produce lysergamides it's an neotyphodium(if i spelled that correctly) type fungus. it's symbiotic btw.
fescue grass is endophyte infected for example but the alkaloid levels are like 43 mg's/kilogram
i saw a paper on this grass and it was insane 2.4 grams of ergonovine and .6 grams or ergine per kilogram.

Vesp · « **Reply #4 on:** September 28, 2010, 11:02:56 PM »

Quote

fescue grass is endophyte infected for example but the alkaloid levels are like 43 mg's/kilogram

Considering this is a lawn grass, that endophyte is the one that needs to be mutated to produce gram levels.

jon · « **Reply #5 on:** September 28, 2010, 11:15:13 PM »

you'll find some interesting things if you research grass endophytes.
i'd like to get my hands on some of those seeds it seems so much easier than mycology.

this abstact makes me drool i'll bet we could find some of those seeds in a seedbank somewhere.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf950410k

here is a photo

http://s791.photobucket.com/albums/yy196/keithclay/?action=view&current=P1011021.jpg&newest=1

and in this article you will find where seeds are deposited

http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/content/full/99/6/895

and using this patent/technology it may be possible to transfer the desired endophyte to other types of grasses

http://www.nexgenresearch.net/enhancing%20endophyte.pdf

and i like this book it describes grass endophytes in greater detail

http://books.google.com/books?id=AQjPY6-GdKoC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=%22drunken+horse+grass%22&source=bl&ots=Gdzm9mx7Sj&sig=gcC04YH50W1nVeSWU1X0QisWDCY&hl=en&ei=g6yiTO2TK4a8lQfpkdSfBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&sqi=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22drunken%20horse%20grass%22&f=false

another thing i'd like to add is, i read an abstract about the genetic variablity of the endophytes infecting tall fescue grasses.
this leads me to believe it is possible to infect it's seed with this insanely high yeilding fungal endophyte.
now that could be some fruitful research.

overunity33 · « **Reply #6 on:** September 30, 2010, 06:39:00 AM »

I think the endophyte with such high yields is from the drunken horse grass, all you have to do is sterilize some of the stem and culture on agar with antibiotics.... very interesting.

jon · « **Reply #7 on:** October 03, 2010, 03:53:58 AM »

here are some of the more pertinent details

the name of the fungus is Neotyphodium gansuense

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotyphodium

". N. gansuense grew significantly better on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oat meal agar (OMA) than on corn meal agar (CMA) and drunken-horse-grass agar (DA), and most slowly on water agar (WA) and saltwater nutrient agar (SNA)."

this fungi is also genetically distinct from the other neotyphodium genuses

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18333513

Vesp · « **Reply #8 on:** October 07, 2010, 02:02:16 AM »

If I am understanding this correctly... this is insane!

hxxp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16525783?dopt=Abstract

Quote

Ergoline alkaloids (syn. ergot alkaloids) are constituents of clavicipitaceous fungi (Ascomycota) and of one particular dicotyledonous plant family, the Convolvulaceae. While the biology of fungal ergoline alkaloids is rather well understood, the evolutionary and biosynthetic origin of ergoline alkaloids within the family Convolvulaceae is unknown. To investigate the possible origin of ergoline alkaloids from a plant-associated fungus, 12 endophytic fungi and one epibiotic fungus were isolated from an ergoline alkaloid-containing Convolvulaceae plant, Ipomoea asarifolia Roem. & Schult. Phylogenetic trees constructed from 18S rDNA genes as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) revealed that the epibiotic fungus belongs to the family Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota) whereas none of the endophytic fungi does. In vitro and in vivo cultivation on intact plants gave no evidence that the endophytic fungi are responsible for the accumulation of ergoline alkaloids in I. asarifolia whereas the epibiotic clavicipitaceous fungus very likely is equipped with the genetic material to synthesize these compounds. This fungus resisted in vitro and in vivo cultivation and is seed transmitted. Several observations strongly indicate that this plant-associated fungus and its hitherto unidentified relatives occurring on different Convolvulaceae plants are responsible for the isolated occurrence of ergoline alkaloids in Convolvulaceae. This is the first report of an ergot alkaloid producing clavicipitaceous fungus associated with a dicotyledonous plant.

Quote

here is another interesting find, it seems the plants do not produce the ergolines. :tongue:

hxxp://www.springerlink.com/content/xvfrb9uerlkx/

"Elimination of ergoline alkaloids following treatment of Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) with fungicides"

hxxp://www.springerlink.com/content/kby3dh4vedhcn14l/fulltext.pdf (1,507 kb)

this last link is for the paper mentioned in the first post

hxxp://www.springerlink.com/content/p42013651623q484/fulltext.pdf (444 kb)

-- http://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/5997807#5997807

Lots of different info in this thread: http://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/5404249/fpart/1/vc/1
a lot of junky stuff but check it out.

more on topic and also interesting: http://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/9045842#9045842

http://www.jstor.org/pss/2443408

Yet to finish this thread, but it looks like it has a lot of interesting stuff in it potentially, or can help point us in the right direction.

http://www.shaman-australis.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=2718&st=0

also useful... need to read more... post links if you have any related...
http://www.shaman-australis.com/forum/index.php?app=core&module=search&section=search&do=quick_search&search_app=core&fromsearch=1

Quote

Indiana University biologist Keith Clay has studied sleepy grass and found it to be infected with an unusual endophyte, a fungus that lives inside plant leaves. Alkaloids produced by the fungus are the knockout culprits (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine and morphine are other plant- produced alkaloids).

Clay found that the dominant alkaloid in sleepy grass is lysergic acid amide, a first cousin of LSD.

--
http://www.erowid.org/plants/stipa/stipa_info1.shtml

http://www.shaman-australis.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=11282&view=findpost&p=217207

http://www.drugs-forum.com/forum/local_links.php?action=jump&catid=12&id=6522

Vesp · « **Reply #9 on:** October 07, 2010, 07:53:15 PM »

How has the fact that morning glory is growing an endophyte that produces the ergot alkaloids not getting more attention?

If that endophyte, or the endophyte from HBWR were isolated and cultured properly in a good submerged culture medium - it would yield so much lysergeramides I bet it would end the war.

Anyone have any ideas on how the best way to go about isolating and growing out the endophytes within morning glory or HBWR?
This seems like something that must be done.

jon · « **Reply #10 on:** October 07, 2010, 09:07:02 PM »

well vesp that's why a lot of this info is passed around privately we would'nt want a proctoscope up our arses now would we???
check your pm
the neotyphodium fungus infecting drunken horse grass has shown these nutritional requirements.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16962754

Vesp · « **Reply #11 on:** October 07, 2010, 09:33:54 PM »

Yes, but with a bit of googling - as I did it reveals that this has been discussed a ton on very big, popular, and well indexed websites.

The morning glory or HBWR endophyte seems the most interesting.

jon · « **Reply #12 on:** October 07, 2010, 09:58:22 PM »

hmmm indeed it does.
seeing how even low yielding endophytes produce very well in submerged culture without maipulations like mutation i think it's the easiest way to go from point A to point L S D!!!!
i'm excited about it hopefully we can put a frown on those 3 letter assclowns!
and if you look at some of those hawaiian (grown in hawaii) strains of hwbr seed notice the black furry like stuff on it?
i wonder if that's the fungus that puts the fun back in life???

also e.coca seed is infected with a fungus too which is why it's hard to grow from seed so you think this fungus is responsible for cocaine biosynthesis??
hmmmm???

Vesp · « **Reply #13 on:** October 07, 2010, 10:29:35 PM »

A thought: HBWR grows in warmer more humid places -- this is likely to make it so fungi and bacteria can grow more easily and attack the plant - they may benefit by having more alkaloids present in them to fight off the microbials - which as in the book The Genus Claviceps points out, ergot alkaloids do have antimicrobial effects.

It would be interesting to see if the endophyte in the HBWR could be transferred over to typical morning glory -- vastly increasing their alkaloid production ability?

The cocaine thing is an interesting idea, and believable - esp. because it contains it through out the entire plant, correct? Just as you would expect with a endophyte relationship - if it were the plant only, it seems like generally the alkaloids are produced in one area and kept or stored in another...

jon · « **Reply #14 on:** October 07, 2010, 11:12:10 PM »

i do know coca seeds become unviable after a few weeks because of this fungus.
hmm brewing cocaine like it were beer interesting idea.
i doubt seriouly cocaine is produced by a fungal endophyte.
actually you can't it's a fungal pest known as fusarium fungus.

you can indeed infect other plants with various endophytes.

Vesp · « **Reply #15 on:** October 08, 2010, 01:24:04 AM »

hxxp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2634565/

Useful info on morning glory and grass...
Great stuff!
Wow mycology is interesting.

Edit: hxxp://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/147/1/296

Apparently they are visible to the naked eye while growing on the morning glory type plants...

IasaF13 or TcorF01 seem like the fungi we want

jon · « **Reply #16 on:** October 09, 2010, 06:13:23 AM »

you were saying these are epipytes how would that complicate thier cultivation in vitro???
i got confused about that.
you know more about the subject than me.

Vesp · « **Reply #17 on:** October 09, 2010, 03:04:10 PM »

I have heard that the fungi that grows on morning glory and other related plants needs to grow on them and otherwise may not survive in a culture without the plant.

Someone has suggested that they might be obligate biotrophic symbionts.

tregar · « **Reply #18 on:** October 13, 2010, 04:41:35 PM »

I remember reading about this grass several years ago from an issue of "entheogen review", very interesting. gonna research this some more, great thread!

jon · « **Reply #19 on:** October 13, 2010, 07:30:10 PM »

oh i see your point there vesp. complicated is'nt the word for this.

Author Topic: endophyte affected grasses achnatherum inebrians (Read 206 times)

jon

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