Author Topic: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)  (Read 269 times)

Tsathoggua

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Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« on: August 17, 2012, 02:40:36 PM »
What is known of 3,6-diesters with carboxylic acids, ala heroin?

Extraction of oxycontin with H2O will pull out the oxycodone HCl easily enough. Reflux of the freebase in dry toluene using propionyl chloride should yield the dipropionyl ester should it not?

Followed by gassing with HCl, filter off the dipropionyl ester of oxycodone, take this up in distilled H2O, addition of acetone should crash it out of solution?

Toady could use some quick input here. He has about 1.5-1.6g of oxycodone. His oxy script is simply not enough, and doctors here are fucking pussies when it comes to pain relief, even for those in severe pain.

So...he wants to spin out his rx, and turn it into something more potent...and preferably more enjoyable when IV'ed ;D

The dipropionyl ester should bee considerably more potent, should it not? Although Toady is unfamiliar with oxycodone esters, he has never heard of them being used clinically, or produced by clan chemhacks.

So...what are the thoughts of his fellow hymenopterans on this matter?
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Waggledance

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #1 on: August 19, 2012, 12:07:01 AM »
Will you get a diester with that methyl group in the way in the 6 position? At the very least you'll get the 3-ester similar to Thebacon which is more potent that hydrocodone, not sure how much more potent and I can't be bothered looking up any papers sorry.

Let me know how it goes will you  :D

atara

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #2 on: August 23, 2012, 03:22:19 AM »
Esterification of ketones requires an acid catalyst, I believe. Furthermore you would need to cleave the ether at 3 using e.g. thiophenol before you could produce an ester.

If you want to amp up your oxycodone, my suggestion is to make oxymorphone by demethylating with a thiol and a strong base. Cysteine or acetylcysteine may work.

Waggledance: you've switched the 3 and 6 positions in your post. The 3 position is on the benzene ring, the 6 position is where the *codones have been oxidized.
« Last Edit: August 23, 2012, 03:26:20 AM by atara »

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #3 on: September 02, 2012, 05:13:29 AM »
Another option is to use HBr for the demethylation - yields are typically high (90%+), the reaction is fast, clean, and workup is nothing but time on the rotovap. It's trivial to make at home, too.

Preparing these enol acetates is best done with the conjugate base of the acylating agent.

Quote
Kelentei, I. B.; Stenszky, E.; Czollner, F.; Meszaros, Z.; Szlavik, L.
"Preparation and pharmacological action of morphine derivatives."
Pharmazie 1957, 12, pp.600-7

Abstract

14-Acetoxydihydrocodeinone enol acetate (I) and 3-acetyldihydromorphinone enol acetate (II) were prepared and biotested.

Dried dihydrohydroxycodeinone in Ac2O was refluxed with AcONa at 160-70°C for 2 1/2 hours, cooled, the excess Ac2O removed, the acetylated base precipitated with diluted ammonia with agitation at under 15°C, kept standing, filtered, and recrystallized, giving 88-90% I, mp. 209-10°C (from EtOH); 1 part was soluble in 30 parts of EtOH, 2 of CHCl3, 4 of C6H6, 100 of ligroine, 100 of Et2O, and 50 of Me2CO (at 20°C).

You could gamble on an old idea of Assyl's - payout could be huge if it works. Prepare cinnamyl alcohol from cinnamaldehyde (cassia oil is something like 80-90% cinnamaldehyde) by grinding it with NaOH and distilling... then run a reaction with oxycodone, cinnamyl alcohol, and catalytic iodine in acetonitrile. Yields are more likely to be decent with an excess of cinnamyl alcohol. Hopefully that would produce the 14-cinnamyl ether of oxycodone.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877148

Be fucking careful though, the product could easily be thousands of times more potent than the starting material. War gas level of danger. As jon once wisely pointed out, this is something best tested on others first.
« Last Edit: September 02, 2012, 05:58:46 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
Someone Who Is Me

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #4 on: September 02, 2012, 05:13:55 PM »
Prepare cinnamyl alcohol from cinnamaldehyde (cassia oil is something like 80-90% cinnamaldehyde) by grinding it with NaOH and distilling...

Since when can you reduce aldehydes to alcohols by grinding with NaOH ? Can you give any reference? Normal procedure would be Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction  with aluminium isopropoxide in i-PrOH.

H. Meerwein, R. Schmidt, Ann. 444, 221 (1925); W. Ponndorf, Angew. Chem. 39, 138 (1926); A. Verley, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 37, 537, 871 (1925).

http://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/meerwein-ponndorf-verley-reduction.shtm   

Tsathoggua

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #5 on: September 02, 2012, 08:33:34 PM »
Very interesting idea...and would require but a tiny amount of starting material. Toady would guess a tolerance is essential for even working with these cinnamoyl esters.
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Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #6 on: September 03, 2012, 08:07:17 AM »
The reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol is the Cannizzaro reaction. The downside is yields are capped at 50% as one mole is reduced for every mole that is oxidized to cinnamic acid. The classic example given in textbooks is benzaldehyde, yielding benzyl alcohol and a benzoate salt.

Regarding potency, it would be wise to leave that 3-MeO attached. One, to get the potency down to something more reasonable (5-10x less), two, to retain high oral bioavailability so that needles are less of a temptation, and three, so acid/base extractions are still an option (the morphone is zwitterionic), which are essential for those without a column, unless you want to turn into a "krokodil"-type zombie (desomorphine is zwitterionic, so they just bang the raw reaction mixture - it's too bad they haven't tried using Li/NH3 instead of RP/I, as Li/NH3 won't snip the 3-MeO like RP/I will, and may give a cleaner product and better yields - it's little known, but Li/NH3 reduces allylic alcohols).

The product is an ether, not an ester. There's actually some important differences - esters of oxycodone, according to anecdotal reports, do not experience the same jump in potency as do the ethers - curiously, the esters of codeinone, as opposed to dihydrocodeinone (oxycodone), are very potent. You're probably already aware of Buckett's 14-acylcodeinone papers. There's some sporatic accounts of oxycodone esters being screened in the literature, but they're all erroneous - in each case they either drew the structure wrong or screwed up the nomenclature. The synthesis of oxycodone esters has been reported in the literature, but unfortunately, not the pharmacology - frustrating. The 14-O-cinnamyloxycodone ether proposed here was similarly prepared, but not screened, according to Schmidhammer's publications. However, 14-O-phenylpropoxymetopon (PPOM) was in fact prepared and screened, and had antinociceptive potency ranging from 8500-24,000x morphine - more potent than etorphine. Another compound related to 14-O-cinnamyloxycodone is 14-O-phenylpropoxynaltrexone, which was reported by Schmidhammer as 600x morphine. Naltrexone is freely available - either at an online pharmacy, or from a brick and mortar pharmacy for alcoholism. The pills are big too, 60mg each.

Another distinguishing characteristic of the ethers vs. the esters is their qualitative pharmacological profile - 14-O-benzylmorphinone being the best example, displaying no respiratory depression or motor coordination inhibition whatsoever, and improved anxiolytic effects (determined from behavioral studies with rats, and probably the PI as well - you never know what's in the coffee when you work in a lab like that). This should be possible to prepare easily using Dudley's reagent (unwatched), and given the presence of a 3-MeO ether, and 14-O-benzylmorphinone being 500x morphine, 14-O-benzyloxycodone is likely near that of fentanyl.

There are many potential paths to making ethers. The problem is that oxycodone is a very sterically hindered tertiary alcohol, built on a large, complex structure, which is sensitive to many reagents and conditions, side reactions either adding steps or irreversibly rendering it inactive. One way to avoid issues with sterics is acylation with cinnamoyl chloride, followed by reduction of the ester to the 14-O-phenylpropoxy ether using Et3SiH and InBr3. Fortunately, it is virtually impossible to effect elimination on this alcohol, unless conditions are so severe that the structure is destroyed.

You could always attempt a microgram scale synthesis to avoid potential problems, like dropping dead in the lab. Measure out your reactants in solution, clean up with an acid/base, evaporate, and resolvate for consumption.
« Last Edit: September 03, 2012, 08:30:38 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
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Tsathoggua

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #7 on: September 03, 2012, 10:17:51 AM »
That is one thing that put toady off those cinnamoyl esters and ethers of common opioids. One may as well work with VX, as some of the more potent fentanyls. There is no desire here for anything QUITE that potent.

Too late for others to worry about needles, he already shoots his OC (yes, properly filtered), at least when PCP derivatives seem hard to come by :P
Nomen mihi Legio est, quia multi sumus

I'm hyperbolic, hypergolic, viral, chiral. So motherfucking twisted my laevo is on the right side.

Adrenaline

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #8 on: September 03, 2012, 11:29:58 AM »
The reduction of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol is the Cannizzaro reaction. The downside is yields are capped at 50% as one mole is reduced for every mole that is oxidized to cinnamic acid. The classic example given in textbooks is benzaldehyde, yielding benzyl alcohol and a benzoate salt.

Afaik, The Cannizzaro reaction is restricted to aldehydes which have no alpha-hydrogen. Cinnamaldehyde has an alpha hydrogen. Of course you can reduce Benzaldehyde through the cannizzaro reaction because its alpha carbon atom has 4 bonds to other carbon atoms, but no bond to a hydrogen atom.

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #9 on: September 03, 2012, 03:25:20 PM »
It doesn't need to lack an alpha hydrogen, it needs to be non-enolizable. Formaldehyde, aryl aldehydes, and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes all give the reaction.
Someone Who Is Me

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #10 on: October 04, 2012, 10:11:38 AM »
Assyl,

Thank you very much for your info about 14-O-esters of codones/morphones.  This is, of course, a major bummer for the synth I had next on my list which was 1. hydrocinnamic acid --> hydrocinnamic anhydride. 2. naltrexone --> N-isobutyl-nor-naltrexone, 3. esterification and removal of 3-O-ester with potassium carbonate, leaving the 14-O-ester.

I am surprised that removal of that 7,8-double bond has such an effect on the pharmacology of 14-O-esters, especially ones with long chains and aromatic esters.  When I was running a lot of the molecular modelling, it didn't have a major effect on the aromatic group orienting perpendicular and slightly lower than ring A, but I don't recall if it affected whether the carbonyl group was oriented toward or away from the 7,8-position.  If you have any enlightening thoughts on why there is an issue with 14-O-esters of opioids saturated at the 7,8-position then I'd love to hear them.  I will look at the modelling program again with this in mind.  Reduction of the carbonyl in an opioid 14-O-ester seems like a real bitch.

jon

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Re: Oxycodone diesters (could use speedy input here)
« Reply #11 on: November 11, 2012, 03:47:45 AM »
cinannmyl oxycodone was synthesized before and the effects were negligible i would o demethylate it or use sodium acetate to make the diester remember you can't go any longer than propionyl at c-6 or potency drops off a cliff.
that observation segways into rings a and rings f if you remember dopamine?
where the ring f (cinnamyl conjugated ring) are'nt in the optimal orientation to each other.
i see some parrallels there with the realative inactivity.
« Last Edit: November 11, 2012, 03:50:04 AM by jon »