Author Topic: Esters of oxycodone  (Read 428 times)

Assyl Fartrate

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Esters of oxycodone
« on: November 16, 2011, 08:43:24 PM »
Why are these not discussed more? The 14-esters are supposed to be extremely potent, ranging from approximately 10x morphine with the acetoxylated version to over 100x morphine for the cinnamoxylated version. SWIM dreams of putting an end to the stranglehold the cartels and Big Pharma have over the supply of opioids in this country. This seems to be a good way to do it. The cinnamoxylated version could easily be made by mixing oxycodone and cinnamic acid (air oxidation of cinnamon oil) with a coupling reagent such as DCC or PyBOP. Making the cinnamic acid anhydride is trickier. Chances are you would have to prepare cinnamoyl chloride first and react that with sodium cinnamate. You can prepare the mixed anhydride by refluxing with acetic anhydride and distilling off acetic acid (credit goes to jon), but who knows if this will actually produce our desired ester - it may just produce the acetoxylated version and free cinnamic acid...

Fortunately for this reaction, it is extremely difficult if not outright impossible to force an elimination at the 14-OH. I don't have the reference handy at the moment but some bastards in the 1930s tried to do it using all kinds of reagents, and the only one that did anything was P2O5, which outright destroyed the molecule. Even phthalic anhydride did nothing. So, dreamers can happily reflux away with their acid anhydrides to drive the reaction to completion with little concern of elimination side products. 10x morphine (acetoxylated) and 20x morphine (propioxylated) is nothing to laugh at, especially considering that these anhydrides can be easily be prepared from their anhydrous salts, sulfur, and chlorine gas, and that a little will go a long way. Oxycodone is widely available as a precursor and cold water extraction is simple. Is the only reason there's so many shake 'n' bake meth labs and no oxy labs because oxy makes you pass the fuck out into a dreamless sleep? This seems entirely feasible.  ???
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #1 on: November 16, 2011, 09:47:55 PM »
nope man i esterified 14-hydroxy codone it was'nt all that great.
if you want something special try esterifying it with a catalytic amount of sodium acetate.
this makes the enol from the ketone which in turn gets esterified to the enol ester.
a close cousin of this is thebacon.
an acetylated version of hydroccodone if you use p-anhydride you'll get something strong.
anything longer than that on the 6-position is no joy.
the reason i thing oxycodone 14-esters are'nt too hot is because of that saturated double bond.
now if you make the enol ester you incorporate a double bond (albeit in another position)
so you'd have a diester if you cook it with sodium acetate and p-anyhydride it has to run 20-24 hours because it takes time as the enol is in minor equilibrium.
once it gets esterified it's no longer in equilibrium.
this is also a good way to spice up some lortabs.
what you really want is 14-hydroxycodeinone
this has the double bond so when you esterify it, it becomes heavy hitting.
the paper i had just said one gram 14-oh codeinone, 10 ml propionic anhydride, heat 3 hours on a steam bath.
yeilds were very high.
other examples employed pyridine but that poses problemms on workup because you have to run it through a plug of silica.
i'd just use straight acid anhydrides.
i think the base was recrystallized from ethylacetate.
« Last Edit: November 16, 2011, 10:10:48 PM by jon »

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #2 on: November 16, 2011, 10:45:11 PM »
What was disappointing about the oxycodone esters? Were they not as potent as previously reported in the literature, or were the effects qualitatively poor? Interesting about the enol acetate - I saw this prep in the literature you speak of (using NaOAc) but didn't think it'd make too much of a difference given that 1+1 in the opioid world is often 1.  How would you compare the 14-acetoxylated enol acetate version of oxycodone to the 14-acetoxylated codeinone? If I remember correctly, the esters of codeinone are somewhere around 5-10x more potent...

What's your experience with the enol acetate of hydrocodone? Is there a big difference between the one made with acetic anhydride vs propionic anhydride? I thought thebacon was only slightly more potent than hydrocodone itself, but I suppose the effects could qualitatively be better? It's strange and interesting that with the esters, the 7,8-unsaturated compound is preferable to the 7,8-saturated compound when the 14-hydroxylated compound is better with 7,8-saturation, along with dihydromorphine etc...

Thanks for the feedback!
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #3 on: November 16, 2011, 10:58:30 PM »
yeah see structure activity relationships in the world of opiates are downright tricky.
i never tried the ennol acetate.
10 mg's of the 14-ester of oxycodone was maybe only twice as potent as regular oxy
but the enol ester should be pretty good.
and propyl gives optimum potency when your'e talking about 6-substitution of opiates like this.
any longer than propyl and it does'nt work it probably does'nt fit in the receptor.
propionyl morphine was some of the strongest skag i ever tried the stuff knocks you out for 16 hours.
so it's also longer acting than the acetyl esters, another plus.
get a whole lot more bang for the buck.

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #4 on: November 16, 2011, 11:12:41 PM »
Which 14-ester of oxycodone did you try? So qualitatively the effects were similar to oxycodone, just not as potent? What was the route of administration? I know you're one to use the needle, so I assume you tried it the same way the rats did. :P
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #5 on: November 16, 2011, 11:14:24 PM »
no i just insulflatted it.
i tried the propyl ester
it was'nt all that great but 10 milligrams gave me the warm/fuzzies
i'd make the enol ester and see what you got.
i don't think it has ever been done before.

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #6 on: November 16, 2011, 11:47:31 PM »
Perhaps it's a bioavailability issue. In rats I believe even the acetyl ester was at least 5x morphine, but this was IV. And if I remember correctly these esters aren't easily hydrolyzed in the lab, but who knows what happens in the body. Either way Assyl doesn't use needles, and the information is much appreciated on potency via insufflation.

I posted some suggestions on alternative methods of acylation on The Collective and had my post deleted and was silenced for it. If you could provide some feedback on these ideas it would be fantastic.

There was a patent from 1927 posted: hxxps://the-collective.ws/forum/index.php?topic=11618.msg52509#msg52509
I imagine you may have seen this. It claimed that anhydrides could be produced from NaPO3 (sodium hexametaphosphate) and the acid. If there's any truth to this (I don't trust patents much), it would be interesting to try producing the anhydride in situ for acylation.

Ketenes are the most potent acylating agents known: (to the best of my knowledge)

Look at the reactivity of ketene section:
hxxp://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/special2.htm

Enol esters from carbonyl compounds and ketenes:
hxxp://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie50472a021 (on page two for those with journal access)
hxxp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.200501849/abstract

Amides and esters from ketene:
hxxp://web.mit.edu/chemistry/fugroup/pdf/gcf_130.pdf

Acylation of aromatic substrates with ketene:
hxxp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/v80-187

Acetylation of glucose using ketene from a ketene lamp:
hxxp://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01871a057

Acylation of steroidal alcohols including tertiary alcohols:
hxxp://ip.com/patent/US3374230

How was your propionic anhydride prepared? There is a well known method (which again I'm sure you're aware of) using propionate, sulfur and chlorine documented on SM, but I'm curious if you're using the method you previously mentioned (hydrogen sulfate + heat --> Na2S2O7 + acetate/propionate --(distillation--> anhydride).
« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 06:42:01 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #7 on: November 16, 2011, 11:58:29 PM »
you would have better luck making p-anhydride from calcium propionate and na2s2o7 or sodium pyrosulfate.
when you mix the two in a blender it immediately starts kicking off propionic anhydride and all you have to do is distill it off.
i'd get about 50% yeilds but the chemicals are so cheap it really does'nt matter the yeild.
there are threads galore on this here.
to make sodium pyrosuulfate all you do is set a pyrex dish with sodium bisulfate in the top of the oven and set the oven to broil.
this gets it hot enough to start melting and give off water when it stops steaming water it will remain molten.
so you let it cool down naturally don't even think about taking it out of the oven while it's still molten because it's so dangerous to handle in the molten state.
« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 12:03:44 AM by jon »

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #8 on: November 17, 2011, 01:35:27 AM »
Great! Is your oven unusually hot or anything? Assyl believes his hits around 550F (287C). Doesn't bisulfate decompose at 315C? I guess the loss of water does proceed at lower temperatures, just slower and not to total completion, but as you said, these reagents are so cheap that yields are largely meaningless, and besides, if there's some bisulfate left, it'd help produce some propionic acid to catalyze the reaction as a solvent (as you suggested elsewhere). Also, is ventilation required? Elsewhere you've stated that you did this outside over a charcoal fire on a cast iron skillet, and others have claimed to have observed H2SO4 fumes spewing out of the molten bisulfate...

Hey, here's some additional food for thought: is it actually necessary to distill the propionic anhydride? Why not add toluene and filter? Acetic anhydride is soluble in toluene, so Assyl imagines propionic anhydride would be as well. All of the salts are obviously not going to dissolve at all. This would also offer a solution to the problem of how to produce cinnamic acid anhydride (instead of just the mixed anhydride formed by refluxing with another anhydride). Heat sodium cinnamate with the pyrosulfate, then add toluene and filter...
« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 02:25:54 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #9 on: November 17, 2011, 05:22:02 AM »
no you have to distill it don't take shortcuts they seldom work.
cinnamic anhydride boils to high to distill it if you want that what you do is pipe in acetic anhydride as a gas into a stirred heated solution of cinnamic acid, it will form the mixed anhydride and heating to the boiling point of acetic acid (118C)
the anhydride will equilibrate to cinnamic anhydide and, acetic acid will come over.
when no more acetic acid comes over at 118 C you're done then you distill of the acetic anhydride and that's it.
the oven hits the right temperature at broil and it's fairly consistent from oven to oven.
300 C is ideal i think if it goes as high as 400C then it gives of SO3 so you have a lot of room for error there.
what you do is set the rack right next to the heating element it does'nt get hot enough to decompose the pyrosulfate to SO3 gas, so no worries there.
i never had any propionic acid distill over when i did it this way.
be mindful if that pyrex touches anything besides the rack it will shatter violently due to thermal shock.

« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 05:26:46 AM by jon »

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #10 on: November 17, 2011, 05:46:09 AM »
Are you saying cinnamic acetic acid anhydride decomposes to cinnamic acid anhydride and acetic acid anhydride upon heating, the latter being removed via distillation?

Is this a gas oven you're referring to? Reason I ask is gas ovens have the heating element concealed below a metal plate, while electric ones have the coil directly exposed. It may be hotter near the electric coils, I don't know. Either way, should just test this rather than speculating endlessly! And besides, there's another post somewhere that states you can simply suspend the pyrex dish over an electric hotplate and get good results.

 Doesn't seem to me like any oven is going to hit the temperature necessary to start spewing SO3. 400C = 750F, and I've never heard of an oven getting that hot unless it was a brick bread oven or a blast furnace. Sounds good.

You may be right about the shortcuts. Just occurred to me that pyrosulfate probably will produce toluenesulfonic acid upon addition of toluene. Just trying to think of ways to make this as accessible to the masses as possible... the elves have never been too lazy to perform a distillation.

One issue that would be good to be addressed is OTC acquisition of cinnamic acid. Perhaps the 14-cinnamoxy esters of oxycodone are still worthwhile. Leaving some cinnamon oil out in a dish yielded a tiny, pitiful amount of crystals. Supposedly cinnamaldehyde is oxidized easily by air to cinnamic acid, but the elves did not observe this. Instead the oil just gradually volatilized and was gone. Not sure but it seems it may be a tricky one, given by the double bond present in this molecule... obviously the oxidizing reagent must be tuned to avoid touching this moiety.

hxxp://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/j150359a005
« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 06:40:49 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
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Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #11 on: November 17, 2011, 10:34:43 PM »
A sealed quart jar with cinnamon cassia oil in a warm place showed no sign of formation of crystals.

hxxp://books.google.com/books?id=KZa8aPxR_-wC&lpg=PA170&ots=pkK9wcva--&dq=cinnamon%20cassia%20essential%20oil%20cinnamaldehyde%20cinnamic&pg=PA170#v=onepage

Quote
In the natural oil the auto-oxidation of cinnamic aldehyde to cinnamic acid is prevented by the presence of cinnamyl acetate, which acts as a very efficient preservative.

Shit. Perhaps this needs to be cleaned up via bisulfite extraction of aldehyde and/or heated with base first.
« Last Edit: November 17, 2011, 10:36:45 PM by Assyl Fartrate »
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #12 on: November 17, 2011, 11:05:20 PM »
i've seen cinnamic acid sold by purveryors of fine chemicals it's not an aquisition issue
yes that is exactly what happens acetic anhydride makes a mixed anhydride cinnamic acid being present in excess will react with the mixed anhydride and acetic acid distilled off pushing that equilibrium to the right.
a standard electric oven with the rack set next to the coil make sure it does'nt contact the coil or it will shatter violently.
if it gets too hot just adjust the oven rack to lower the temperature that simple.

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #13 on: November 18, 2011, 12:42:58 AM »
Assyl left the states some time ago and acquisition will never be an issue for him again. Hell he can buy morphine without a prescription at any mom and pop pharmacy. Most of those in the US are probably going to be too paranoid or lazy to order from a chemical supply house, however - the hope is to make this as widely accessible of a synthesis as possible to help weaken the control of the DEA and Big Pharma.

It seems that not only what you say happens happens, but that exchange actually takes place within a mixed anhydride itself; hence, cinnamic acetic anhydride should disproportionate and exist in equilibrium between cinnamic anhydride and acetic anhydride, the latter being removed by distillation. Probably easier to do what you suggested though, and Ac2O is undoubtly more precious than cinnamic acid to US bees.

You deserve a hats off for developing this new anhydride prep. Similar suggestions were tossed around many years ago on SM but no one had the balls to give it a try, the naysayers shot it down. You actually gave it a try and liberated some very important compounds for the masses and for that you deserve a die cast medal of fentanyl.

Assyl realized that this cinnamon oil is actually distilled from the leaves and so the dominant oil is probably eugenol and not cinnamaldehyde. Time to find some real cinnamon ROOT BARK oil... seems the question is still open as to whether cinnamyl acetate will completely stop auto-oxidation of cinnamaldehyde from taking place.
« Last Edit: November 18, 2011, 12:49:50 AM by Assyl Fartrate »
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RoidRage

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #14 on: November 19, 2011, 10:49:26 AM »
Here are all the papers that has been cited in this thread 8)

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #15 on: November 21, 2011, 01:44:21 PM »
Thanks to RoidRage for fetching these papers! Will take a look...

jon - something that has occurred to Assyl - the duration of action of these esters may be short if they are rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo... what was the duration of your propionyl ester? Was it identical to oxycodone in every way except potency?
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #16 on: November 21, 2011, 03:00:22 PM »
the p-ester lasts a good long time di-p-morphine about 16 hours i dunno about the enol ester.

Assyl Fartrate

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #17 on: November 21, 2011, 05:04:24 PM »
Shit, sorry to bug you again, but worried the question may have been poorly worded - what was the duration of the 14-propionic ester of oxycodone?
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jon

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #18 on: November 21, 2011, 05:51:52 PM »
it lasted maybe 3 hours but i suspect the 6-enol ester has a longer duration i can't really say though.
if you can get morphine then make di-p-morphine it's good stuff.

Sol Invictus

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Re: Esters of oxycodone
« Reply #19 on: November 29, 2011, 02:34:06 AM »

 Sol thinks that one issue concerning these esters may potentially be the duration of action. He has reports of bioassays of 3,16-diacetyloxymorphone that describe it as extremely euphoric (moreso than heroin and believe me the subject in question would know) but very short-lived, and about 5-6x the potency of heroin. Part if it may have to do with how the duration of the parent compound looks, as the 3,16-ester rapidly hydrolyzes to oxymorphone, and the latter compound (along with hydromorphone) tends to have both poor bioavailability when administered via any route but parenternal, and even when injected the duration of action requires a habituated subject to re-dose about every 3 hours. Not as bad as with fentanyl, but it's still inconvenient. Plus any benefit gained from an increase in potency must be qualified by a loss in duration of action (i.e. if one gets around a 15x gain in potency but the duration is reduced four-fold, the 'gain' is actually only around 3-4x, and that's not including losses from lowered yields and/or mechanical losses which are frequent as 'independent' researchers in this realm often are working with feedstock quantities of ~100mg up to maybe 2-3grams at best.

  Happy that this is being discussed though! In Sol's perusal of the literature, it seems that the cinnamyl esters are being formed by a cinnamyl halide and sodium hydride. Sol has never seen an example of a cinnamyl ester being formed via refluxing w the anhydride and Na acetate. Assyl-- are you sure that these types of esters can be formed in this manner? We do know it works with propionoxy- and acetoxy- at least...

  --Sol