Author Topic: 2009 Reference and Translation Requests (Read 3039 times)

java · « **Reply #60 on:** October 17, 2009, 12:58:08 PM »

Biotransformations in two-liquid-phase systems: Production of phenylacetaldehyde by oxidation of 2-phenylethanol with acetic acid bacteria
Francesco Molinaria,*, Raffaella Gandolfia, Fabrizio Aragozzinia, Rosa Leonb,Duarte M.F. Prazeresb
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Volume 25, Issues 8-9, November 1999, Pages 729-735

Abstract
Phenylacetaldehyde can be obtained by oxidation of 2-phenylethanol with acetic acid bacteria in two-liquid-phase systems where the
aldehyde is removed into the organic phase before its further conversion to acid. Two Acetobacter strains (ALEF and ALEG) were able to
accumulate aldehyde when aliphatic hydrocarbons were used. A two-liquid-phase system, composed of water and isooctane (v/v, 1/1), was
particularly suited for a significant accumulation of the aldehyde: Acetobacter sp. ALEG furnished 9 g/l of phenylacetaldehyde within 4 h
starting from 10 g/l of alcohol and still 8 g/l were recovered after 24 h in the organic phase, whereas strain ALEF gave 3.5 g/l of aldehyde
from 5.0 g/l of substrate. Acetobacter sp. ALEG also showed satisfactory long-term stability, being able to perform the transformation with
80% of the original activity after 3 days of contact with the solvent.

java · « **Reply #61 on:** October 17, 2009, 01:08:10 PM »

The Synthesis of 4-Nitro-, 5-Nitro-, 6-Nitro- and 7-Nitroindole
Stanley M. Parmerter, A. Gilbert Cook, William B. Dixon
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80 (17), pp 4621–4622

Abstract
The o-nitro and p-nitrophenylhydrazones of ethyl pyruvate undergo the Fischer rearrangement in polyphosphoric acid to form ethyl 7-nitroindole-2-carboxylate and ethyl 5-nitroindole-2-carboxylate, respectively. Ethyl pyruvate m-nitro-phenylhydrazone gives a mixture of ethyl 4-nitroindole-2-carboxylate and ethyl 6-nitroindole-2-carboxylate under the same conditions. Hydrolysis of these esters yields the corresponding nitroindole-2-carboxylic acids, which upon decarboxylation give 4-nitro, 5-nitro, 6-nitro and 7-nitroindole.

no1uno · « **Reply #62 on:** October 20, 2009, 09:32:53 PM »

First off, sorry for so many - all tryptophan related, but still thank you from the heart of my bottom

Indoles: XXXII Method for the Synthesis of Tryptophols
I. I. Grandberg and T. P. Moskvina
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Volume 8, Number 10 (October, 1972), 1235-1236 DOI: 10.1007/BF00475537

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Abstract

The corresponding tryptophols are obtained when arylhydrazine salts are heated with dihydrofuran in dioxane.

2,3-Dihydrofurans in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds
Mai-Genrikh A Shvekhgeimer
1997 Russ. Chem. Rev. 66 139-165 doi: 10.1070/RC1997v066n02ABEH000220

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Abstract

Published data on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds based on 2,3-dihydrofuran and its derivatives are surveyed, described systematically, and analysed for the first time. The bibliography includes 206 references.

Indoles: XI Synthesis of Tryptophols and Homotryptophols
I. I. Grandberg and T. P. Moskvina
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Volume 10, Number 1(January, 1974), 78-79 DOI: 10.1007/BF00475914

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Abstract

The reaction of arylhydrazines and cyclic semiacetals (agr-hydroxytetrahydropyran and agr-hydroxytetrahydrofuran) on heating leads, with the evolution of water and ammonia, respectively, to homotryptophols and tryptophols.

java · « **Reply #63 on:** October 21, 2009, 12:30:41 AM »

A Novel Synthesis of Substituted 1-Benzyloctahydroisoquinolines by Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of N-[2-(Cyclohex-1-enyl)ethyl]-N-styrylformamides
Gerrit J. Meuzelaar, Ernst Neeleman, Leendert Maat *, Roger A. Sheldon
European Journal of Organic Chemistry Volume 1998 Issue 10, Pages 2101 - 2108

Abstract
The acid-catalyzed cyclization of N-[2-(cyclohex-1-enyl)ethyl]-N-styrylformamides 1-5 gave access to 1-benzyl-2-formyloctahydroisoquinolines 6-10. The reactions were performed in the presence of the Lewis acid 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl triflate. The cyclization of enamide 1 was also studied with Brønsted acid catalysts, such as triflic acid and the heterogeneous catalyst tungstophosphoric acid supported on silica gel. In all cases the 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroisoquinoline formed was accompanied by minor concentrations of one, two, or three isomeric octahydroisoquinolines. 1-Benzyl-2-formyloctahydroisoquinoline (6) could also be prepared from N-[2-(cyclohex-1-enyl)ethyl]formamide (11) by reaction with phenylacetaldehyde in a mixture of acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The octahydroisoquinolines 6, 8, 10 as model compounds, were converted into the corresponding N-formylmorphinans.

java · « **Reply #64 on:** October 21, 2009, 12:37:58 AM »

A Convenient Synthesis of ?7,8-Morphinan-6-one and Its Direct Oxidation to 14-Hydroxy-?7,8-morphinan-6-one
Daniele Passarella, Alessandra Consonni, Alessandra Giardini, Giordano Lesma and Alessandra Silvani
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters Volume 12, Issue 15, 5 August 2002, Pages 1981-1983

Abstract
Synthesis of ?7,8-morphinan-6-one by Grewe cyclization and bromoketalization reaction as crucial steps is described. Introduction of a hydroxyl group at 14-position is demonstrated by direct oxidation with MnO2 in the presence of silica gel.

java · « **Reply #65 on:** October 21, 2009, 12:48:35 AM »

Physiologically Active Secondary Amines. ?-(o-Methoxyphenyl)-isopropyl-N-methylamine and Related Compounds
R. V. Heinzelman
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75 (4), pp 921–925

Abstract
Fourteen secondary amines related to 6-(o-methoxypheny1)-isopropyl-N-methylamin(Oe rthoxine) have been prepared.
Some of these have been separated into their diastereoisomeric forms, and one into its optical isomers. Several of these
compounds possess a high order of bronchodilatQr and/or local anesthetic activity as indicated by pharmacological and preliminary
clinical studies. An improved method is described for the preparation of aralkyl alkyl ketones by condensing an
arylaldehyde with the requisite nitroparaffin in toluene using an azeotropic distillation procedure to force the reaction to completion,
followed by a two-phase reductive hydrolysis.

java · « **Reply #66 on:** October 21, 2009, 12:54:16 AM »

Physiologically Active Amines. Tertiary Amines and Quaternary Salts Related to ?-(o-Methoxyphenyl)-isopropyl-N-methylamine
R. V. Heinzelman, B. D. Aspergren
J. Am. Chem. Soc.1953, 75 (4), pp 925–927

Abstract
Eighteen tertiary amines or quaternary salts related to 0-( o-methoxypheny1)-isopropyl-N-methylamineh ave been prepared.
Some of these possess notable bronchodilator and Iocal anesthetic activity.

java · « **Reply #67 on:** October 21, 2009, 01:02:18 AM »

Synthetic Studies of the Pyrroloquinoline Nucleus of the Makaluvamine Alkaloids - Synthesis of the Topoisomerase-II Inhibitor Makaluvamine-D
White JD, Yager KM, Yakura T
Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol.116, No.5, 1831-1838, 1994

Abstract
A new synthesis of the pyrrolo [4,3,2-de]quinoline system characteristic of a class of marine alkaloids which includes the prianosins, discorhabdins, and other antineoplastic agents has been developed. The approach is exemplified in a total synthesis of makaluvamine D, a topoisomerase II inhibitor isolated from the sponge Zyzzya cf. marsailis. The route begins with a Fischer indole synthesis employing (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)hydrazine (29) and dihydrofuran, and the resulting tryptophol 32 is protected as its ditosylate 34. Nitration at C4 of the indole, followed by reduction and cyclization, affords the tricycle 41, which is oxidized to the iminoquinone 42 with eerie ammonium nitrate. Replacement of the C7 methoxy substituent of the pyrroloquinoline by tryptamine could only be effected via the salt 42 and, after cleavage of the N-tosyl group followed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, gives makaluvamine D (3), which was isolated as its trifluoroacetate 48. Exposure of iminoquinone 42 to sodium azide unexpectedly produced the fully unsaturated pyrroloquinoline 44.

java · « **Reply #68 on:** October 21, 2009, 02:12:08 PM »

CXXXVIII.—The action of sulphur monochloride on salts of organic acids: a convenient method of preparing anhydrides
William Smith Denham
J. Chem. Soc., Trans.1909, 95, 1235-1241

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CCII.—The action of sulphur chloride and of thionyl chloride on metallic salts of organic acids: preparation of anhydrides
William Smith Denham and Hilda Woodhouse
J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1913, 103, 1861-1870

java · « **Reply #69 on:** October 23, 2009, 02:41:15 AM »

CCLII.—A new synthesis of aldehydes
Henry Stephen
J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1925, 127, 1874 - 1877

java · « **Reply #70 on:** October 23, 2009, 12:30:07 PM »

A Novel Reduction of Nitriles to Aldehydes.
0. G. BACKEBERG and B. STASKUN.
J.Chem. Soc. 1962, 3961 - 3963

Abstract
Nitriles are conveniently reduced to aldehydes by sodium hypophosphite
and Raney nickel in aqueous acetic acid or aqueous acetic acid-pyridine at
room temperature and pressure. A modification of this procedure serves as
a convenient qualitative test for nitriles.

java · « **Reply #71 on:** October 23, 2009, 01:04:48 PM »

N-ALKYLATION OF NITRILES-I A GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED AMIDINES
R. FUKS
Tetrahedron. Vl. 29, pi. 2147 to 2151, 1973.

Abstract
Ageneral synthesis of substituted amidines has been worked out starting from a nitrile
compound, an alkyl halide, a Lewis acid and an amine.
The method involves 4 steps:
(1) formation of a nitrile-Lewis acid complex 2;
(2) N-Alkylation of this complex 2 with an alkyl halide and formation of a nitrilium salt 3;
(3) aminolysis of the nitrilium salt 3 with ammonia, a primary or a secondary aliphatic or aromatic
amine to get the amidinium salt 4;
(4) neutralization of the amidinium salt with a base yielding the substituted amidine 5.
In practice, the amidine 5 is obtained in a one-pot synthesis and none of the intermediates 2,3 or 4
needs to be isolated. Overall yields of 40-8095 based on the nitrile 1 are obtained. Mote than twenty
new mono-, di or trisubstituted amidines have been prepared by this procedure.

no1uno · « **Reply #72 on:** October 24, 2009, 01:31:38 AM »

REACTIONS OF NITRILES WITH HYDROGEN HALIDES AND NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS
E N Zil'berman
1962 Russ. Chem. Rev. 31 615-633 doi: 10.1070/RC1962v031n11ABEH001324

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CONTENTS

I. Introduction 615
II. Reactions of nitriles with hydrogen halides 615
III. Reactions of nitriles with hydrogen halides and nucleophilic reagents 619
IV. Reduction of nitriles in the presence of hydrogen chloride 629

java · « **Reply #73 on:** October 24, 2009, 03:32:13 PM »

Aromatic Aldehydes from Benzyl Alcohols via Inorganic Hypochlorite Oxidation
CAL Y. MEYERS
J. Org. Chem.1961, 26 (4), pp 1046–1050

Abstract
The actions of inorganic hypochlorite on several benzyl alcohols has been studied. Benzaldehyde and o-methoxybenzaldehyde were thus obtained in good yields from their respective alcohols. Under the conditions employed there was no evidence of reaction between the hypochlorite and those aldehydes. o-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol, under identical reaction conditions, provided no aromatic aldehyde, but was chlorinated in the nucleas with a concurrent elimination of formaldehyde. Possible mechanisms are considered.
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Kinetics of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by hypochlorite ion in the presence of phase-transfer catalyst
Jing Shan Do, Tse Chuan Chou
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29 (7), pp 1095–1103

Abstract
The kinetics of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by hypochlorite ion in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride as phase-transfer catalyst was studied. The results show that the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in two imiscible aqueous/dichloromethane systems was reaction controlled and occured in the organic phase when the stirring rate was larger than 500rpm. The experimental results also reveal that the reaction orders of both tetrabutylammonium ion pair and benzyl alcohol in the organic phase are both equal to one. The activation energy of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol is 10.4kcal/mol. The extraction constant of tetrabutylammonium hypochlorite ion pair was obtained. The equilibrium constants K1-K2 are evaluated to be equal to 0.05M-1, 17.4, 0.004 M-1 and 87.7, respectively
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Chemical synthesis and molecular pharmacology of hydroxylated 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine derivatives
J. M. Kamenka, B. Chiche, R. Goudal, P. Geneste, J. Vignon, J. P. Vincent, M. Lazdunski
J. Med. Chem., 1982, 25 (4), pp 431–435

Abstract
The following monohydroxy derivatives of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (phenylcyclidine, PCP) were synthesized: o-, m-, and p-phenols of PCP, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidinol, and two stereoisomeric pairs of 3-phenyl-3-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol and 4-phenyl-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol. Inhibition of specific binding of tritiated PCP, morphine, or quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB)in rat brain homegenate was measured for these compounds. Inhibition of PCP binding for selected compounds correlated with mouse rotarod essay activity. The most characteristic effects of hydroxylation of PCP on the cyclohexyl, piperidine, or phenyl moities are the following: (i) it generally decreases its activity in inhibiting [3H]PCP binding by a factor of 10 to 80; (ii) it does not produce a large variation in the the affinity for the morphine receptor; (iii) it produces a considerable decrease of the affinity for the muscarinic receptor. An important exception to these general observations was the metaphenolic derivative of PCP. This PCP derivative has an affinity for the [3H]PCP binding sites that is 8 times higher than that of PCP itself; its affinity for the muscarinic receptor is only twice lower than that of PCP, but its affinity for the morphine receptor is 430 times higher than that of PCP and only one order of magnitude lower than that of morphine itself

java · « **Reply #74 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:07:17 PM »

PILOT PLANTS. Production of Red Phosphorus by a Continuous Process
Philip Miller, R. A. Wilson, J. R. Tusson
Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40 (2), pp 357–366

Abstract
A continuous process for the production of red phosphorus developed in the laboratories of the Tennessee Valley Authority shortens the time required for processing white phosphorus to red phosphorus from days to hours over the commercial batch process. During the war a pilot plant embodying the continuous process was built and operated to produce red phosphorus of high purity for the War Department. In this process liquid white phosphorus is maintained at its boiling point in a reaction vessel with a retention period of 5 to 6 hours, which converts 30 to 50% of it to solid red phosphorus. The resulting slurry overflows continuously into a heated screw conveyor in which it is carried counter-current to a stream of hot inert gas. The white phosphorus is vaporized and carried to a condenser, to be collected and recycled. Red phosphorus is discharged in as the product in the form of fine particles, whose size can be controlled to a considerable degree, and which do not require treatment with boiling caustic or grinding, as in the batch process. An additional advantage of the continuous process is its suitability for making a product of high purity, needed in certain military applications.

java · « **Reply #75 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:09:01 PM »

VOLATILIZATION LOSSES OF PHOSPHORUS DURING EVAPORATIONS OF PHOSPHATES WITH SULFURIC ACID OR FUSIONS WITH PYROSULFATE
W. F. Hillebrand, G. E. F. Lundell
J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1920, 42 (12), pp 2609–2615

Abstract
Little has been written as to the possibility of volatilization losses of phosphoric acid during operations involving evaporation of phosphates with sulfuric acid or fusion with pyrosulfate, although these questions are of prime importance in the determination of phosphorus in rocks, ores, metallurgical products and many other materials. The experiments to be described were therefore undertaken with a view to determining whether any appreciable volatilization takes place, and in the case of evidence of volitization, to discovering contributing causes and preventative measures.

java · « **Reply #76 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:10:27 PM »

PREPARATION AND MELTING POINTS OF PURE DI- AND TRI-IODIDE OF PHOSPHORUS
Frank E. E. Germann, Ralph N. Traxler
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49 (2), pp [307]–312

Abstract
A number of methods have been described for the preparation of the iodides of phosphorus which give products of varying degrees of purity. Possibly the oldest procedure is that of the direct union of the elements. The reaction is accompanied by a considerable evolution of heat and the reaction velocity is still appreciable at -24'. It is accordingly regarded advisable to cut down the vigour of the reaction by means of a solvent for the separate elements. The reaction is then bought about very satisfactorily by mixing the two solutions and removing the solvent by distillation, or affecting a separation by cooling the solution in a freezing mixture.

java · « **Reply #77 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:12:18 PM »

Volatilization of Phosphorus from Phosphate Rock I—Experiments in Crucibles and Rotary Kiln
Robt D. Pike
Ind. Eng. Chem. 1930, 22 (3), pp 242–245

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in covered crucibles for the purpose of determining the effect of the variables time, temperature, and mixture in the volitization of phosphorus from mixtures of western phosphate rock, char, and silica in varying proportions and sizes.

java · « **Reply #78 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:19:42 PM »

Improved Alkaline Oxidation Process for the Production of Aldehydes (Vanillin and Syringaldehyde) from Steam-Explosion Hardwood Lignin
Guoxiong Wu, Michele Heitz, Esteban Chornet
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33 (3), pp 718–723

Abstract
The production of aldehydes from a steam-explosion hardwood lignin is the main objective of this paper. It is demonstrated that the combined aldehydes yield (vanillin + syringaldehyde +hydroxybenzaldehyde) can reach 14.6 wt % of the lignin isolated from the steam-explosion process. This represents 12.2 wt % of the Klason lignin present in the initial hardwood (Populus tremuloides) and 2.5 wt % of the dry wood. The process steps are relatively simple: aqueous alkaline (13.5 wt % NaOH) oxidation (pure O2) of lignin in the presence of Cu2+ and Fe3+ as catalysts, at 170 C and with 10 min as reaction time. The high yields of aldehydes observed in our work far exceed those obtained in the conventional alkaline air oxidation of spent sulfite liquors. Our results suppost the concept that biomass-derived oxyaromatic chemicals via improved process strategies may soon challenge existing petroleum-derived routes (vanillin is currently produced via the sequence benzene -> cumene -> phenol -> guiacol -> vanillin).

java · « **Reply #79 on:** October 26, 2009, 01:20:23 PM »

Alkyl Esters of Phosphoric Acid
Carroll A. Hochwalt, J. H. Lum, J. E. Malowan, C. P. Dyer
Ind. Eng. Chem.,1942, 34 (1), pp 20–25

http://ifile.it/2vjoi5p

Conclusion
Although the alkyl wid phosphatee and their dta am comparative newcornera to the Wd of indwtrial chemistry, their
interesting pmpertieu had one to believe that they may even- WYbec ome ae well known and 88 widely used 88 the older
and better known @eeterified derivativea of phwphoric acid.

Author Topic: 2009 Reference and Translation Requests (Read 3039 times)

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