The Hydrolysis of Chloramine in Alkaline Solution

M. Anbar and G. Yagil

J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1962, 84 (10), pp 1790–1796
DOI: 10.1021/ja00869a004

Abstract

The hydrolysis of chloramine was investigated in alkaline solutions from pH=12 to 12 molar NaOH. Hydroxylamine is produced in the primary step, nitrous oxide and nitrogen are the final products of hydrolysis. Kinetic results show that the reaction is first order in chloramine with a linear dependence on the H_ acidity function. The kinetics of hydrolysis of dimethylchloramine have been investigated as well as the hdyrogen exchange of this compound in water. These as well as other reagents suggest the nucleophilic substitution of chloride by a hydroxyl ion as the most probable mechanism of hydrolysis.

PS I had to put this up here Enkidu - I couldn't delete the first post without removing the rest of the thread...

Lithium bronze as a stoichiometric reagent for the conjugate reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones

Richard H. Mueller, James G. Gillick

J. Org. Chem.
1978, 43 (24), pp 4647–4648
DOI: 10.1021/jo00418a024

Abstract

The lithium-ammonia 1,4-reduction of a,B-unsaturated ketones has proved to be an extremely valuable reaction in organic chemistry. These reductions traditionally have been performed using blue solutions of lithium in liquid ammonia. An alternative to "lithium blue" reduction has been developed by Mel'nikova and Pivnitskii, who discovered that ether suspensions of lithium tetramine (Li-4NH3, lithium bronze) effect the reduction of many steroidal enones in high yield and conversion. However, these workers specify the use of an approximately 25-fold (ie.2500%) excess of the reagent, which detracts considerably from the utility of the method. We have found that, at least with monocyclic enones, this huge excess is unnecessary, a mere 5-10% excess is sufficient to cause virtually complete (>97%) reduction. With this modification, the Li bronze method is a very attractive alternative to Li blue reductions (in which the molar ratio of Li/NH3 generally ranges from 1:60 to 1:200). The major advantages of the Li-4NH3 procedure are those of convenience and economy; much less NH3 needs to be used, dried, distilled into the reaction vessel, and evaporated at the end of the reaction, with the attendant great savings in time, effort, expense, and flask size. In addition, the yields and cleanliness of the products compare favourably with those obtained using the Li blue procedure. The method is also easily adaptable to large scale.

...for Happyman

Anodic Fluorination of Benzene

Rhozkov,I;Bukhtiarov,A;Knunyants,I

Russian Chemical Bulletin
Vol.21(5) 1972 pp.1082-1084
DOI: 10.1007/BF00853773
Abstract:http://springerlink.com/content/g2284556190823ul/?p=967f4e6976df4e25b6cd1964ee3a48cb&pi=27

Abstract

1. A study was made of the possibility of fluorination at high values of the anode potential. 2. Benzene under these conditions is fluorinated to fluorobenzene and difluorobenzene. Fluorobenzene forms difluorobenzene, and further fluorination fails to occur.

Keywords:Electrolytic;Fluorination;Benzene;Aromatic;Naphthalene

3-Methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and 3-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines

Ide,Walter;Buck,Johannes
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
Vol.62(2) 1940 pp.425–428
DOI: 10.1021/ja01859a050
Abstract:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01859a050

Abstract

Work in progress on the pharmacological effects of various substituting groups in the isoquinoline nucleus necessitated the preparation of a series of 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (analogous to norhydrastinine and dihydronorhydrastinine). There are a numher of scattered isoquinoline compounds with a 3-methyl group in the literature, but the methods of preparation vary widely and in many cases essential details are lacking. Most of the compounds are also substituted in the 1-position.

Keywords:Isoquinolines;Bischler-Napieralski;phenylisopropylamines;Merck;Mannich;Jacobsohn;Claisen;Condensation;a-methylcinnamic acid

Physiologically Active Phenethylamines. I. Hydroxy- and Methoxy-?-methyl-?-Phenethylamines (?-Phenylisopropylamines)

Woodruff,E;Conger,Theodore
J. Am. Chem. Soc
Vol.60(2) 1938 pp.465–467
DOI: 10.1021/ja01269a065
Abstract:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01269a065

Abstract

The rediscovery of ephedrine by K. K. Chen in 1923 revived interest in the synthesis and pharmacology of p-phenethylamine and related compounds as evidenced by the increased number of publications appearing on the subject since that time.

Keywords:Ephedrine;phenethylamine;physiologically active;Phenethylamines;Phenylisopropylamines

Some Alpha-AlkylCinnamic Acids and Their Derivatives

Bogert,Marston;Davidson,David

J.Am.Chem.Soc.
Vol.54(1) 1932 pp.334-338
DOI: 10.1021/ja01340a050
Abstract:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja01340a050

Abstract

The phenomenal success of a-amylcinnamic acid aldehyde and other a-alkylcinnamic aldehydes as perfume bases, led us to prepare several of the corresponding methyl ketones (methyl-(a-alkyl)-styryl-ketones) (III). These were synthesized by condensing benzaldehyde with alkyl acetones (II) by means of hydrogen chloride. The methyl(a-alkyl)-styryl ketones are readily converted to the a-alkylcinnamic acids (IV) by means of sodium hypochlorite. The acids, in turn, are of interest, since through their dibromides (V), they may be transfored into the B-alkyl-B-bromostyrenes (VI), or into the alkylphenylacetylenes (VII).

Keywords:alpha-alkylcinnamic acids;condensation;benzaldehyde;hydrogen chloride;methyl(a-alkyl)styryl-ketones;alkyl acetone


Why didn't you use the Reference Request Thread? No need to open separate threads for each request if there's a collective one...

Anyway, here are your refs. This thread can be closed resp. merged with the RRT.

Cheers! Murphy

...for 2bfrank

Btw, the DOI was 10.1080/00397919408011304

Cheers, Murphy

If sodium ethanethiol (NaOH + ethanethiol) is useful for the demethylation of aryl ethers, then so might sodium methanethiol surely:

Reactions with thioethoxide ion in dimethylformamide. I. Selective demethylation of aryl methyl ethers

GI Feutrill and RN Mirrington
Australian Journal of Chemistry 25( 1719 - 1729
Full text doi:10.1071/CH9721719

Abstract

Recent methods for demethylating aryl methyl ethers have been briefly reviewed, especially methods involving the use of nucleophilic reagents. Sodium thioethoxide dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide has been developed as a powerful new reagent for demethylating aryl methyl ethers cleanly and rapidly in high yield. The reaction conditions can be controlled so that aromatic bromo substituents or isolated olefinic bonds are unaffected. Of special interest has been the selective monodemethylation of the methyl ethers of di- and tri-hydric phenols, exemplified by the isolation in high yield of orcinol monomethyl ether, p-methoxyphenol, guaiacol, and phloroglucinol dimethyl ether from the respective fully O-methylated compounds. An exception was pyrogallol trimethyl ether which afforded pyrogallol 1-monomethyl ether in high yield.

@Mr Murphy, firstly the references albeit the Russian one were cited at the back of a book..as is. Usually I have access, which is far from an excuse as I should know how difficult it is to find things with limited information....So in short I fucked up and I am hearing you...

2b

ps I just discovered the Jew et al, that I copied and pasted, had a typo, and the year should of read 1986.
Hopefully Ill have the rest of the information for that, as it is a very interesting prep.

SALT EFFECT IN LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF ACETIC ACID-WATER-BENZENE SYSTEM
A.S. Narayana a;  R. Nischal a;  R. Patel a;  K.G. Parikh a; R.K. Singh
 Chemical Engineering Communications, Volume 95, Issue 1 September 1990 , pages 41 - 46
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449008911465


Abstract
The effect of sodium sulphate, potassium-sulphate and potassium chloride on the distribution of acetic acid between benzene and water at 35°C is reported. Distribution data of the three quaternaries have been determined at salt saturation and unsaturation in each case, as well as the basic ternary in the absence of salt at that temperature. The simple method of Setschenov is used to correlate the distribution data for the salt effect. All the three salts studied are found to have salting out effect for acetic acid in varying degrees.

SYNTHESIS OF 1SN,1SN-IMIDAZOLEACETIC ACID
George D. Prell
J_Label_Compound_Radiopharmaceutical1990,_29(1),_p.111[1].


Summary
1sN.15N-imidazoleacetic acid was synthesized from 15N, lSN-DL-histidine (>99 atom %
15N). The latter. oxidized with sodium hypochlorite. formed 15N.15N-imidazoleacetoniuileT.h e free
acid was prepared after acid hydrolysis of the nitrile, elution from an anion exchange column with acetic
acid, then drying. Formation of by-product(s). produced when other methods were used, and which may
conraminate some commercial sources of imidazoleacetic acid. was avoided with this method.

Catalysis of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation by a Montmorillonite Doped with Transition-Metal Cations
Pierre Laszlo, Arthur Mathy
Helvetica Chimica Acta Volume 70, Issue 3 , Pages577 - 586, 1987

Abstract
Catalysts are obtained by exchange of the interstitial cations in the K10 montmorillonite. They are applied to Friedel-Crafts alkylations with halides, alcohols, and olefins. They are quite effective even with unactivated hydrocarbons. Isomer distribution depends little on the catalyst used. Thermodynamic equilibration does not take place, the reactions appear to be kinetically controlled. Efficiency of the catalysts bears no apparent relation to that of the corresponding Lewis acids under homogeneous conditions, and it depends on the nature of the alkylating agent. Zr(IV) and Ti(IV), in general, give the best results.