Author Topic: 2010 Reference and Translation Requests  (Read 4063 times)

java

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #240 on: October 25, 2010, 01:09:52 AM »
Requested by salat

A Simple Method for Preparation of Secondary Aromatic Amines
Ivan V. Mi?ovi?*, M. D. Ivanovi?, David M. Piatak, Vera Dj. Boji
Synthesis
1991; 1991(11): 1043-1045
DOI: 10.1055/s-1991-26642
« Last Edit: October 25, 2010, 01:16:36 AM by java »
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Enkidu

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #241 on: October 26, 2010, 12:23:31 AM »
Got it..  ;D

Photo-reduction of chloro- and bromo-aromatic compounds
J. T. Pinhey and R. D. G. Rigby
Tetrahedron Letters Volume 10, Issue 16, 1969, Pages 1267-1270
doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87859-X

No abstract
« Last Edit: October 26, 2010, 02:31:07 AM by Enkidu »

embezzler

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #242 on: October 27, 2010, 05:25:03 PM »
requested by overunity33



Germination Requirements of Claviceps paspali Sclerotia

 Barry M. Cunfer and David Marshall

Mycoglia
Vol 69, Issue 6 (1977) pp 1137-1141
ISSN: 00275514

No DOI available

SUMMARY
Germination  of  Claviceps  paspali  sclerotia  occurred  over  a  wide  range
of  storage  and  incubation  temperatures.  Cold,  moist  storage  conditions
greatly  enhanced  germination  but were  not  obligatory.  Highest  percentage
germination  and  most  rapid  germination  occurred  after  storage  in  moist
sand  at  5  and  10 C  for  2 mo  followed  by  incubation  at  20  C  for  41-44  da.
Preconditioning  periods  at  20  and  25  C,  incubation  at  30  C,  and  dry
storage  of  sclerotia  were  not  conducive  to  germination.
« Last Edit: October 27, 2010, 11:45:02 PM by java »
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java

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #243 on: October 28, 2010, 03:52:00 PM »
Requested by Goldmember


Rearranged Products from the Reaction of Benzenesulfonic Acids with Caustic
Lloyd R. Buzbee
J. Org. Chem.
1966, 31 (10), pp 3289–3292
DOI: 10.1021/jo01348a042
« Last Edit: October 28, 2010, 03:53:54 PM by java »
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Enkidu

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #244 on: October 29, 2010, 11:56:38 PM »
Pho8und it..

THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ARYL HALIDES AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS
R. Stephen Davidson, Jonathan W. Goodin and Graham Kemp
Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry Volume 20, 1984, Pages 191-233
doi:10.1016/S0065-3160(08)60149-5
« Last Edit: November 01, 2010, 02:07:19 AM by Enkidu »

Bluebottle

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #245 on: October 30, 2010, 04:27:43 PM »
Use of Lumogen 640 as an Optical Converter in Photometry
Kotel'nikov,V;Lyalin.G

J. App. Spec.
Vol.9(3) 1968 pp.1018-1019
DOI: 10.1007/BF02628143

Abstract

Unselective detectors have often been used in measuring monochromatic radiation in the UV and visible regions. Ordinary thermopiles have various disadvantages: small detecting area, slow response, and need for careful thermostatic control or compensations. A thermopile can be replaced by a photomultiplier with an optical converter (phosphor whose quantum yield is constant over a wide range). Then the incident radiation is converted to the proportionate amount of luminescence, which is recorded by the photomultiplier. Sodium Salicylate is often used, but this is restricted to wavelengths shorter than 350nm.

High Resolution and Compact Slit-Less Spectrometer Using Spherical Beam Volume Holograms
Hsieh,Chaoray;Momtahan,Omid;Adibi,Ali

Conf. Lasers. & Electro-Optics
Tech. Digest. 2006 Paper.JThC90
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO.2006.4628552

Abstract


We present compact slit-less spectrometers using spherical beam holograms with resolution close to 1nm using thick holographic materials. The spectrum estimations of unknown light sources are used to demonstrate the performance of these slit-less spectrometers.

Ultra-high Resolution and Compact Spectrometers using Volume  Holograms as Dispersive Elements
Chaoray,Hsieh;Momtahan,Omid;Badieirostami,Majid;Adibi,Ali

6TH INT. Workshop. Inf. Optics. AIP Conf. Proc.
Vol.949 2007 pp.272-279
DOI: 10.1063/1.2812308

Abstract


Compact and efficient spectrometers are of great interest for biological and environmental sensing. In this talk, we describe a class of spectrometers that work based on diffractive properties of spherical beam and cylindrical beam volume holograms. The hologram in these spectrometers acts as a spectral diversity filter (SDF), which maps different input wavelengths into different locations in the output plane. The main properties of these holographic SDFs and the new techniques for removing the ambiguity between incident wavelength (or the input channel) and the incident angle (or the input spatial mode) are discussed, and the performance of the overall holographic spectrometers will be compared with that of the conventional spectrometers. Finally, it is also shown that by combining such volume holograms with a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a true two-dimensional spatial-spectral mapping can be formed which allows for the formation of wideband spectrometers with ultra-high resolution in a very compact slit-less architecture.

Spherical beam holograms for spectroscopic applications: Modeling and implementation
Momtahan,Omid;Hsieh,Chao-Ray;Karbaschi,Arash;Adibi,Ali;Sullivan,Michael;Brady,David

Conf. Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO)
Vol.1 2004 pp.2
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO.2004.180971

Abstract


A new approach for analyzing spherical beam holograms is presented and tested. This method describes the diffraction effect in spherical beam holograms and its application in spectroscopy. The theoretical results are verified by experiments.

Compact Slit-Less Spectrometer Using Cylindrical Beam Volume Holograms
Hsieh,C;Momtahan,O;Adibi,A

Conf. Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO)
Vol.? 2007 pp.1-2
DOI: 10.1109/CLEO.2007.4453387

Abstract

We present compact slit-less spectrometers using cylindrical beam holograms with several advantages over conventional spectrometers. We demonstrate large spectral range spectrometers using spatially multiplexed cylindrical beam holograms without adding any moving part in spectroscopic systems.



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jon

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Re: October 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #246 on: November 01, 2010, 05:16:45 AM »
enkidu; if you are suggesting absorption maxima in the 190 nm range that would be what is called vacum UV-A light because oxygen absorbs those wavelengths to produce ozone.
a standard UV-A bulb used in fishtank and, swimming pool water sterilization gives off 10% of it's energy at that wavelength.

java

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November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #247 on: November 01, 2010, 05:54:42 AM »
.......another month lets keep the good routine for requests,..


Name of article
author
journal name
date volume and page
doi
link to page where journal is found
« Last Edit: December 10, 2010, 03:41:59 PM by java »
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embezzler

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #248 on: November 01, 2010, 08:41:23 PM »
@Overunity33 Could only find the App. Mic. document.

Lyophilization of nonsporulating strains of the fungus Claviceps

E. Pertor, A. Puc, and M. Kremser

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Volume 4, Number 4, 289-294, DOI: 10.1007/BF00931266

Abstract 

Summary.  Maintenance  of active  strains  of  microorganisms  is one  of  the  fun-
damental  problems  for  every  successful  industrial  biosynthesis.  In  this  paper,
the  efficiency of  lyophilization  for  long-term  preservation  of nonsporulating strains  of  the  fungus Claviceps,  producing  ergot  alkaloids  in  saprophytic  cultures, was  studied.  It was  found  that  lyophilization  is a  suitable  method  for  the  preservation  of  the  tested  Claviceps  strains.  All  treated  strains  have  retained  their vitality  and  biochemical  properties  unchanged  after  three  years  of  storage.
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java

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #249 on: November 06, 2010, 04:56:24 PM »
Requested by no1uno



Stability of lumogen films on CCD's
Damento,Michael;Barcellos,Andrew;Schempp,William
Proc. SPIE
Vol.1762 1995 pp.204-210
DOI: 10.1117/12.206517

Abstract
Fluorescent lumogen films are now widely used for improving the UV quantum efficiency of CCDs and other silicon photodetectors. Because of the organic nature of lumogen and its low melting and boiling points, stability of the films has been in question. We present results of stability tests in which quantum efficiency and film characteristics are evaluated with respect to exposure to illumination, elevated temperature, and reduced pressure. Our results indicate a high tolerance to UV and visible illumination, and to slightly elevated temperatures (95 degree(s)C) at normal operating pressures. However, high vacuum conditions (10-6 torr) can produce voids in the films at even slightly elevated temperatures.
--------------


Multifunctional and Compact Spectrometers based on Cylindrical Beam Volume Holograms
Momtahan,Omid;Hsieh,Chaoray;Adibi, Ali
Optics Letters
Vol.32(22) 2007 pp.3269-3271
DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.003269


Abstract
We propose a new class of slitless spectrometers using cylindrical beam volume holograms. These holograms disperse an input beam in one direction in an output plane while they do not affect the beam in the perpendicular direction. We show that the spectral mapping of the input beam can be obtained in one direction and the beam can be independently modified in the perpendicular direction. Using this unique property, we demonstrate a spectral wrapping technique to considerably increase the operation spectral range of the slitless spectrometers, without sacrificing their resolution.


-------------


Continuously Tunable External-Cavity Diode Laser with a Double-Grating Arrangement
Wandt,D;Laschek,M;Tünnermann,A;Welling,H
Opt. Lett.
Vol.22(6) 1997 pp.390-392
DOI: 10.1364/OL.22.000390



Abstract
A new external-cavity diode laser system based on an extended version of the Littman configuration is investigated. In our laser system the tuning mirror is replaced with a second grating mounted at the Littrow angle. This double-grating design provides a smaller passive bandwidth than the grating-mirror configuration, which is used to compensate for the large angle-of-incidence-dependent losses of the grazing-incidence grating. This results in a broader continuous tuning range with an improved mode stability. Because two laser diodes, emitting at 820 and 775 nm, respectively, are used, the external-cavity laser is continuously tunable without mode hops across 35 nm at 820 nm and 27 nm at 775 nm. Such a laser was used to measure the absorption lines of the oxygen A band around 762 nm. The complete R - and P -rotational branches of the b ?g1 +(???=0)?X 3?g-(? ?=0) transition were recorded in a single-wavelength scan.



---------



Littrow-type external-cavity diode laser with a triangular prism for suppression of the lateral shift of output beam
Takamizawa,Akifumi;Yonezawa,Gen;Kosaka,Hideo;Edamatsu,Keiichi
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
Vol.77(4) 2006 pp.046102-
DOI: 10.1063/1.2190287



Abstract
We demonstrate a Littrow-type external-cavity diode laser with an additional triangular prism united to a diffraction grating. In this configuration, while the laser wavelength can be tuned by rotating the grating that constitutes an external cavity, the prism outside the cavity compensates for the lateral shift of the output beam. It is estimated that the lateral shift of the output beam is only 2??m  over the tuning range of 12.91?nm. In fact, the output beam was coupled into a single-mode fiber with constant efficiency over the wavelength range without any adjustment of the coupling optics
« Last Edit: November 06, 2010, 05:08:47 PM by java »
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java

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #250 on: November 06, 2010, 05:11:48 PM »
Requested by no1uno



Characterization of PVD Lumogen Films for Wavelength Conversion Applications

Deslandes,A;Wedding,A;Clarke,Steven;Matisons,J;Quinton,Jamie
Proc. SPIE
Vol.5649 2005 pp.616
DOI: 10.1117/12.582244



Abstract
Lumogen Yellow S0790 is a commercial azomethine based pigment and is used for enhancing CCD devices for detecting ultraviolet radiation. In this work we report on the crystal structure and morphology of the raw material, as-deposited and post-annealed films, as well as the influence these have on the subsequent optical properties. Our measurements of physical vapour deposited (PVD) Lumogen films indicate that commercial Lumogen powder is crystalline in its as-received state, with a melting point of 273.3°C and boiling point of 328.6°C. Furthermore, we have found that as-deposited films on room temperature substrates possess an inherent crystalline structure, which has not  been reported previously, but also that the material"s structure changes into a completely different crystalline form upon annealing for 90 hours at 80°C.
« Last Edit: November 06, 2010, 05:14:45 PM by java »
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Bluebottle

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #251 on: November 07, 2010, 09:05:42 PM »
Copper-quinoline decarboxylation
Theodore Cohen, Robert A. Schambach
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92 (10), pp 3189–3190
DOI: 10.1021/ja00713a047

Determination of the Synthetic Origin of Methamphetamine Samples by 2H NMR Spectroscopy
Silvia Armellin,† Elisabetta Brenna,*† Samuele Frigoli,† Giovanni Fronza,*‡ Claudio Fuganti,† and Daniele Mussida†
Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, and Istituto CNR per la Chimica del Riconoscimento
Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
Anal. Chem., 2006, 78 (9), pp 3113–3117
DOI: 10.1021/ac052105w

The illicit preparation of morphine and heroin from pharmaceutical products containing codeine: ‘homebake’ laboratories in New Zealand
Keith R. Bedforda, Susan L. Nolana, René Onrusta and Jan D. Siegersa
aChemistry Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 2224, Auckland New Zealand
doi:10.1016/0379-0738(87)90074-0
http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/codeine.homebake.labs.html

The Preparation of 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-amino-1-butanol
C. M. Suter, A. Wayne Ruddy
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1944, 66 (5), pp 747–748
DOI: 10.1021/ja01233a027

The Preparation of Allyl Phenyl Ether and 2-Allylphenol Using the Williamson Ether Synthesis and Claisen Rearrangement
Elizabeth M. Sanford , Christina C. Lis and Nikolas R. McPherson
Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422-9000
J. Chem. Educ., 2009, 86 (12), p 1422
DOI: 10.1021/ed086p1422

Aminative Reduction of Ketones
L. Haskelberg
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70 (Cool, pp 2811–2812
DOI: 10.1021/ja01188a505

Convenient preparation of volatile acid chlorides.

Brown, Herbert C.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60, 1325-8 (1938)
Abstract
Volatile acid chlorides may be prepared by heating a mixture of 2 parts BzCl and 1 part acid; a ratio of 3:2 gives slightly lower yields, while the yields with 1:1 ratio are much lower; bubbling a slow stream of dry HCl through the reaction does not materially increase the yield. Distillation of the acid chloride should be at such a rate that the temperature at the top of the column does not exceed the b. p. of the chloride. In refractionating the distillate care should be taken to maintain a very high reflux ratio at first, otherwise the dissolved HCl tends to carry over a considerable amt. of the acid chloride below its true b. p. Using a ratio of 2 BzCl to 1 of acid, the following yields were obtained (%): AcCl 85, ClCH2COCl 76, Cl2CHCOCl 73, Cl3CCOCl 56, EtCOCl 89, PrCOCl 87, iso-PrCOCl 88, BuCOCl 84, iso-BuCOCl 84, Me3CCOCl 92, AmCOCl 80, crotonyl chloride 80. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed but no definite conclusion was reached concerning it.
« Last Edit: November 07, 2010, 09:08:36 PM by Bluebottle »
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java

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #252 on: November 08, 2010, 12:00:27 AM »
Requested by solidstone



Convenient preparation of volatile acid chlorides.
Brown, Herbert C.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
1938,  60, 1325-8


Abstract
Volatile acid chlorides may be prepared by heating a mixture of 2 parts BzCl and 1 part acid; a ratio of 3:2 gives slightly lower yields, while the yields with 1:1 ratio are much lower; bubbling a slow stream of dry HCl through the reaction does not materially increase the yield. Distillation of the acid chloride should be at such a rate that the temperature at the top of the column does not exceed the b. p. of the chloride. In refractionating the distillate care should be taken to maintain a very high reflux ratio at first, otherwise the dissolved HCl tends to carry over a considerable amt. of the acid chloride below its true b. p. Using a ratio of 2 BzCl to 1 of acid, the following yields were obtained (%): AcCl 85, ClCH2COCl 76, Cl2CHCOCl 73, Cl3CCOCl 56, EtCOCl 89, PrCOCl 87, iso-PrCOCl 88, BuCOCl 84, iso-BuCOCl 84, Me3CCOCl 92, AmCOCl 80, crotonyl chloride 80. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed but no definite conclusion was reached concerning it.



----------------------



Simultaneous synthesis of aromatic acid chlorides and metal chlorides.
Schreyer, R. C.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
1958,  80, 3483-4
« Last Edit: November 08, 2010, 12:06:00 AM by java »
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Enkidu

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #253 on: November 09, 2010, 08:57:42 PM »
Studies on the preparation of methyl bromide from sulphur, bromine and methyl alcohol
Bhavnagary, Krishnamurthy, and Majumder
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology Volume 29, Issue 7, pages 433–436, 1979
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.503290707

Quote
Optimum conditions have been presented for the production of methyl bromide by employing the reactants, sulphur, methyl alcohol, liquid bromine and water. For the maximum recovery of methyl bromide from liquid bromine used in the reaction, a 5% excess of sulphur and 30% excess of water than the stoichiometric quantities were found necessary. The addition of liquid bromine to the reaction mixture at slower rates of 0.5 to 2.5 cm3 min?1, reduced the loss of bromine as sulphur bromide and increased the yield of methyl bromide from 42 to 94.3%. With these standardised conditions, the product had a methyl bromide content of 98.2% with an overall yield of 94.42% based on liquid bromine.

Bluebottle

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #254 on: November 13, 2010, 09:19:21 PM »
Tunable External-Cavity Diode Laser at 650 nm Based on a Transmission Diffraction Grating

Applied Optics
Vol. 41(27) 2002 pp.5632-5637
DOI: 10.1364/AO.41.005632

Laurila,Toni;Joutsenoja,Timo;Hernberg,Rolf;Kuittinen,Markku


Abstract

A tunable external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) based on a transmission diffraction grating in a Littrow mount has been developed and characterized. A single-transverse-mode diode laser at 650 nm is used in an external-cavity configuration in which the transmission grating is used as a dispersive element to select the single longitudinal mode. The transmission diffraction grating is made with electron-beam lithography. A tunable true single-mode cw output power of >20 mW is obtained from the ECDL. The total wavelength tuning range is 12 nm, and the mode-hop-free continuous tunability is >20 GHz.


Influence of Grating Parameters on the Linewidths of External-Cavity Diode Lasers

Huanqian,Loh;Yu-Ju,Lin;Igor,Teper;Marko,Cetina;Jonathan,Simon;James,Thompson;Vladan,Vuleti?

Applied Optics
Vol. 45(36) 2006 pp.9191-9197

Abstract

We investigate experimentally the influence of the grating reflectivity, grating resolution, and diode facet antireflection (AR) coating on the intrinsic linewidth of an external-cavity diode laser built with a diffraction grating in a Littrow configuration. Grating lasers at 399, 780, and 852 nm are determined to have typical linewidths between 250 and 600 kHz from measurements of their frequency noise power spectral densities. The linewidths are little affected by the presence of an AR coating on the diode facet but narrow as the grating reflectivity and grating resolution are increased, with the resolution exerting a greater effect. We also use frequency noise measurements to characterize a laser mount with improved mechanical stability.

Lai,Ching-Ming

J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.
Vol.15(10) 1982 pp.1093-
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/15/10/031

Abstract

A novel technique is presented for reconstructing accurate NMR images from projections under inhomogeneous main magnetic field. The mathematical basis and the point-spread functions of such a curvilinear reconstruction for two- and three-dimensional imagings are fully described. The proper use and the effectiveness of this technique are demonstrated by computer simulations. The promising results presented could strongly influence practices in the design, manufacture and use of the main magnet for NMR imaging by the projections method.


Littrow-Type External-Cavity Diode Laser with a Triangular Prism for Suppression of the Lateral Shift of Output Beam

Takamizawa,Akifumi;Yonezawa,Gen;Kosaka,Hideo;Edamatsu,Keiichi

Rev. Sci. Instrum.
Vol.77(4) 2006 pp.046102-046102-4
DOI: 10.1063/1.2190287

Abstract

We demonstrate a Littrow-type external-cavity diode laser with an additional triangular prism united to a diffraction grating. In this configuration, while the laser wavelength can be tuned by rotating the grating that constitutes an external cavity, the prism outside the cavity compensates for the lateral shift of the output beam. It is estimated that the lateral shift of the output beam is only 2 ?m  over the tuning range of 12.91 nm. In fact, the output beam was coupled into a single-mode fiber with constant efficiency over the wavelength range without any adjustment of the coupling optics.

« Last Edit: November 14, 2010, 09:42:29 PM by Bluebottle »
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java

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #255 on: November 14, 2010, 07:23:23 PM »
Requested by no1uno




High-resolution NMR Spectra under Inhomogeneous fields via Intermolecular Double-Quantum Coherences
Lin,Yanquin;Chen,Zhiwei;Cai,Congbo;Chen,Zhong
Spec. Chim. Acta. A: Mol. & Biol. Spect.
2008, Vol.70(5), pp.1025-1028
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.10.022



Abstract
High-resolution NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing molecular structures and compositions. Line-widths of conventional liquid NMR signals are directly proportional to the overall magnetic field inhomogeneity the sample experiences. In many circumstances, spatial and temporal homogeneity of the magnetic field is degraded. In this paper, a modified pulse sequence based on intermolecular double-quantum coherences (iDQCs) was proposed to obtain 1D high-resolution NMR spectra under inhomogeneous fields using 2D acquisition. Analytical expressions were derived from the intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence (iMQC) treatments. Both experimental and simulated spectra provide high-resolution 1D projection spectra similar to conventional 1D high-resolution spectra. Moreover, the apparent J  coupling constants are threefold magnified, which allows a more accurate measurement of small J coupling constants.




-------------------



Intermolecular Double-Quantum coherence NMR Spectroscopy in Moderate Inhomogeneous Fields
Zhang,Wen;Cai,Congbo;Cai,Shuhui;Chen,Xi;Chen,Zhong
Spect. Chim. Acta A: Mol & Biol. Spect.
2009, Vol.74(5), pp.1138-1144
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.023




Abstract
Intermolecular multiple-quantum coherences (iMQCs) can be utilized to retrieve high-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The application of selective pulses in pulse sequences can greatly simplify 2D iMQC spectra. However, so far high-resolution iMQC methods are mainly used in relatively small field inhomogeneities. In this paper, we took the IDEAL-II sequence as an example to study their applicability in moderate inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The experimental and simulation results show that high-resolution NMR spectra can be obtained in moderate inhomogeneous fields if the excitation range of selective pulse is properly set. Once the field inhomogeneity reaches a certain degree, the appearance of undesirable intermolecular cross-peaks due to the distant dipolar field produced by solute spins is inevitable. The spectral quality may vary with sample even in the same moderate inhomogeneous fields, depending on the chemical shift distributions and the J coupling networks of the components under study. The conclusions drawn in this paper are generally applicable to all high-resolution iMQC methods utilizing selective RF pulses.



----------------




Magnetic Field Gradients in High Resolution NMR
Hurd,Ralph
Encyclopedia Spectroscopy & Spectrometry
2010 pp.1407-1414
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374413-5.00195-0


Get the book here,

http://ifile.it/2hcmug8/0127641009.rar


Abstract
The use of magnetic field gradients has become important in many areas of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. This article describes how they can be generated, and outlines their use. The main applications include coherence and coherence pathway selection, multiple-quantum coherence selection and spoiling of magnetization. In addition, they can be used for measurement of diffusion coefficients, for diffusion-based water peak suppression and for spatial encoding



--------------



Signal Selection in High-Resolution NMR by Pulsed Field Gradients: I. Geometrical Analysis
Mitschang,Lorenz
J. Mag. Res.
1999, Vol.137(1),  pp.1-9
DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1636



Abstract
A geometrical description for the selection of coherence transfer pathways in high resolution NMR by the application of pulsed field gradients along three orthogonal directions in space is presented. The response of the spin system is one point of the three-dimensional Fourier transform of the sample volume affected by a sequence of field gradients. The property that a pathway is retained (or suppressed) when a sequence of field gradients is applied is expressed by the property of vectors, representing the pathway and the sequence, respectively, to be orthogonal (or not orthogonal). Ignoring imperfections of RF pulses, and with the exception of sensitivity enhanced experiments and experiments where the relevant coherence order is zero while field gradients are applied, it is shown that at most only half of the relevant pathways, as compared to a phase cycled experiment, are retained when field gradients are used for signal selection.



---------------




Signal Selection in High-Resolution NMR by Pulsed Field Gradients: II. The Design of Gradient Pulse Sequences
Thomas,David;Mitschang,Lorenz;Simon,Bernd;Oschkinat,Hartmut
J. Mag. Res.
1999, Vol.137(1), pp.10-24
DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1998.1637




Abstract
We describe a new and powerful computer program called TRIPLE GRADIENT which calculates optimized pulsed field gradient sequences for specific coherence pathway selection or rejection. Sequences can be computed for gradient coils acting along one, two, or three perpendicular axes. The program is based on the computational minimization of a penalty function formed from the summed amplitudes of the unwanted signals. The underlying mathematical analysis makes use of a vectorial representation of the way in which a gradient sequence suppresses different signals. It is argued that experiments using well-calculated gradient sequences are quicker and generally perform better than those using extensive phase cycling, especially when suppressing extremely strong solvent signals, and it is shown that in many cases gradient experiments of optimal signal-to-noise ratio can be performed. These claims are illustrated by spectra obtained from an HQQC experiment.



----------------




The Virtual NMR Spectrometer: a Computer Program for Efficient Simulation of NMR Experiments Involving Pulsed Field Gradients.
Nicholas,P;Fushman,D;Ruchinsky,V;Cowburn,D
J. Mag. Res.
2000, Vol.145(2),  pp.262-275
DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2108



Abstract
This paper presents a software program, the Virtual NMR Spectrometer, for computer simulation of multichannel, multidimensional NMR experiments on user-defined spin systems. The program is capable of reproducing most features of the modern NMR experiment, including homo- and heteronuclear pulse sequences, phase cycling, pulsed field gradients, and shaped pulses. Two different approaches are implemented to simulate the effect of pulsed field gradients on coherence selection, an explicit calculation of all coherence transfer pathways, and an effective approximate method using integration over multiple positions in the sample. The applications of the Virtual NMR Spectrometer are illustrated using homonuclear COSY and DQF COSY experiments with gradient selection, heteronuclear HSQC, and TROSY. The program uses an intuitive graphical user interface, which resembles the appearance and operation of a real spectrometer. A translator is used to allow the user to design pulse sequences with the same programming language used in the actual experiment on a real spectrometer. The Virtual NMR Spectrometer is designed as a useful tool for developing new NMR experiments and for tuning and adjusting the experimental setup for existing ones prior to running costly NMR experiments, in order to reduce the setup time on a real spectrometer. It will also be a useful aid for learning the general principles of magnetic resonance and contemporary innovations in NMR pulse sequence design.
« Last Edit: November 14, 2010, 07:33:30 PM by java »
¡Prefiero morir de pie que vivir siempre arrodillado!.Emiliano ZapataIt is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees!.......

no1uno

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #256 on: November 18, 2010, 02:54:53 PM »
Sorry Java & everyone, but these need to be digested - I can work out an intensity meter easy enough, it is the wavemeter that I need to look at, thanks to all that assist - please understand that I have collected this group of references over the last week or so - in order to even try and make "at home instrumentation" a reality, it will be necessary to be able to measure both the wavelength/linewidth of the laser output and the power thereof. Given the amount of work involved in designing these units, a friend of mine will be selling complete units and kits online, which given that we finally have access to full-spectrum (200-2,000nm) Xenon Short-Arc Lamps for a decent price, means that combination Raman/UV-NIR Spectrometers, which can provide real-time analytical data (and matches) will be available for a fraction of what such instruments cost now. I need the assistance in order to ensure that everyone who is serious about this stuff will have the ability to actually analyse their intermediates/end products, determine which component is which and proceed from there. In terms of multi-step syntheses, Good Analytical Instrumentation is a must-have for the home chemist nowadays, please help me make it a reality...

Wavenumber Standards for Raman Spectrometry

Carrabba,Michael

Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy
DOI: 10.1002/0470027320.s0705

Abstract

This chapter describes the use of wavenumber standards for the calibration of Raman instruments. Methods using both The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Raman shift standard, which was developed to provide accurate wavenumber shifts from readily available commercial materials, and the use of atomic based lines are presented. The Raman shift standard materials have an advantagein that they can then be utilized to calibrate any Raman spectrometer, including spectrometers that use variable excitation sources. They provide an easy way to routinely calibrate an instrument using the actual collection geometry of the apparatus. The use of atomic based lines can provide a more accurate calibration of a spectrometer.




The generation of tunable coherent radiation in the wavelength range 2300–3000 Å using lithium formate monohydride

Dunning,F;Tittel,F;Stebbings,R

Optics Communications
Vol.7(3) 1973 pp.181-183
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(73)90004-7

Abstract

The generation of continuously tunable UV radiation in the wavelength range 2300–3000 Å by frequency doubling the output of a nitrogen pumped dye laser is described. A lithium formate monohydride crystal 10 mm long yields a conversion efficiency of typically 2% at fundamental powers in excess of 50 kW and allows the generation of harmonic radiation at wavelengths 150 Å below those attainable using a refrigerated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystal.




The efficient generation of coherent radiation continuously tunable from 2500A to 3250A

Dunning,F;Stokes,E;Stebbings,R

Optics Communications
Vol.6(1) 1972 pp.63-66
DOI: 10.1016/0030-4018(72)90249-0

Abstract

The generation of continuously tunable UV radiation in the wavelength range 2500–3250A by frequency doubling the output of a nitrogen pumped dye laser is described. An ADP crystal 25 mm long yields 11% conversion to the UV at a fundamental dye laser power of 60 kW. The parameters affecting the conversion efficiency are discussed.




Wavemeter with Fizeau interferometer for CW Lasers

Alipieva,Emilia;Stoykova,Elena;Nikolova,V

Proc. SPIE
Vol.4397 2001 pp.129-
DOI: 10.1117/12.425118

Abstract

In the present work we present a Fizeau wavemeter built on  the base of uncoated optical flats for cw lasers. Testing of the wavemeter is made for a 1-mm thick wedge with apex angle of 3 min. The accuracy of the wavemeter is 5 X 10-6. As a second task we study the possibility to use a wedge with reflecting coatings for enhancement of the interference pattern. The main advantage of such a wedge is the substantial rise in the peak intensity of the reflected fringes (two orders of magnitude larger intensity for 50% reflectivity of the coatings compared with the case of uncoated surfaces). The main drawback of using coated surfaces is that they create asymmetric fringes with many subfringes. We show by computer simulation that detection of the interference pattern in the zero-shear plane ensures symmetric fringes and high-accuracy  wavelength estimates up to 50% reflectivity of the wedge coatings.




Chapter 6: Laser Wavemeters

Snyder,James;Hansch,Theodor

Dye Lasers: Topics in Applied Physics
Vol.1/1973 1973 pp.201-219
DOI: DOI: 10.1007/3-540-51558-5_12

Abstract

The advent of dye lasers that are not only widely tunable but also highly monochromatic (Hansch, 1972) has had a profound impact on many areas of spectroscopy. However, the power and potential of tunable laser sources cannot be fully exploited unless the laser wavelength is accurately known as it is tuned. Unfortunately, conventional methods for measuring optical wavelengths tend to be either inadequate in their resolution and accuracy or else cumbersome and slow. Laser spectroscopists and other scientists soon recognized the need for new measuring instruments comparable in utility to the frequency counters commonly used in the microwave region. Research efforts directed at the development of such instruments, which became known generically as "Laser Wavemeters", began in the mid 1970's and rapidly expanded as dye lasers and, more recently, other tunable laser sources became available commercially. In this chapter we attempt to review the more succesful laser wavemeters developed to date. It should be noted, however, that many problems related to laser wavelength meteorology remain to be solved, and that wavemeter technology continues to develop and improve.
« Last Edit: June 20, 2011, 10:30:31 AM by Enkidu »
"...     "A little learning is a dang'rous thing;
    Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring:
    There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain,
    And drinking largely sobers us again.
..."

POSEIDON

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #257 on: November 18, 2010, 04:11:04 PM »
Bases derived from some substituted propenylbenzenes, with a note on the preparation of pure methylamine 
Thomas Marvel Sharp and William Solomon
J. Chem. Soc., 1931, 1468-1478
DOI: 10.1039/JR9310001468
this is where I found the link - can't find the doc anywhere although everyone refers to it.
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/1931/JR/JR9310001468]


Salat
 ;D
The chemists are a strange class of mortals, impelled by an almost insane impulse to seek their pleasures amid smoke and vapour, soot and flame, poisons and poverty; yet among all these evils I seem to live so sweetly that may I die if I were to change places with the Persian king.
— Johann Joachim

Evilblaze

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #258 on: November 19, 2010, 11:54:22 PM »
A facile synthesis of muscimol
Brian E. McCarry
Tetrahedron Letters Volume 22, Issue 51
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)92445-1
« Last Edit: June 20, 2011, 09:38:48 AM by Enkidu »

java

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Re: November 2010 Reference Request thread....
« Reply #259 on: November 21, 2010, 11:28:15 AM »
Requested by Evilblaze



REACTION OF HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS
WITH CARBENES

A. E. Vasil'vitskii, V. M. Shostakovskii, and O. M. Nefedov
Can. J. Res.
1982, Volume 18, Number 6, 545-560
DOI: 10.1007/BF00506139 


------------------------------------





Reactions of ethyl diazoacetate with thianaphthene, indoles, and benzofuran
Ernest Wenkert,Miguel E. Alonso, Hugo E. Gottlieb, and Eduardo L. Sanchez
J. Org. Chem.
1977, 42 (24), pp 3945–3949
DOI: 10.1021/jo00444a034



------------------




InBr3/Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed C-alkylation of pyrroles and indolesnext term with ?-diazocarbonyl compounds
J.S. Yadav
Tetrahedron Letters
2003, Volume 44, Issue 45
doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.031


« Last Edit: November 21, 2010, 11:46:44 AM by java »
¡Prefiero morir de pie que vivir siempre arrodillado!.Emiliano ZapataIt is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees!.......